_{2. Ibid. p. 376 (Fig. 6-26).}

_{3. Ibid. p. 371 (Fig. 6-19).}

_{4. Basmajian JV, DeLuca CJ: Muscles Alive. Ed. 5. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1985 (p. 385).}

_{5. Bateman JE: The Shoulder and Neck. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1972 (pp. 134, 145–146, 149, 284–290).}

_{6. Bhakta BB, Cozens JA, Bamford JM, et al.: Use of botulinum toxin in stroke patients with severe upper limb spasticity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 61(1):30–35, 1996.}

_{7. Bonica JJ: Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb: basic considerations. Chapter 49. In: The Management of Pain. Ed. 2. Edited by Bonica JJ, Loeser JD, Chapman CR, et al. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1990 (pp. 882–905).}

_{8. Bonica JJ, Sola AE: Other painful disorders of the upper limb. Chapter 52. In: The}

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_{9. Bunker TD, Anthony PP: The pathology of frozen shoulder. A Dupuytren-like disease. J Bone Joint Surg 77B(5):677–683, 1995.}

_{10. Cailliet R: Soft Tissue Pain and Disability, F. A. Davis, Philadelphia, 1977 (pp. 161, 162)}

_{11. Cantu RI, Grodin AJ: Myofascial Manipulation: Theory and Clinical Application. Aspen, Gaithersburg, 1992 (pp. 154–155).}

_{12. Chironna RL, Hecht JS: Subscapularis motor point block for the painful hemiplegic shoulder. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 71:428–429, 1990.}

_{13. Clemente CD: Gray’s Anatomy. Ed. 30. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1985 (pp. 369, 373).}

_{14. Ibid. (pp. 522–523).}

_{15. Ibid. (p. 1209).}

_{16. Clemente CD: Anatomy. Ed. 3. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, 1987 (Figs. 21, 49).}

_{17. Ibid. (Fig. 50).}

_{18. Ibid. (Fig. 233).}

_{19. Duchenne GB: Physiology of Motion, translated by E. B. Kaplan. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1949 (pp. 64, 66).}

_{20. Esposito S, Ragozzino A, Russo R, et al.: [Arthrography in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis). Radiologia Medica 85(5):583–587, 1993.}

_{21. Gerwin RD, Shannon S, Hong CZ, et al.: Interrater reliability in myofascial trigger point examination. Pain 69:65–73, 1997.}

_{22. Glousman R, Jobe F, Tibone J, et al.: Dynamic electromyographic analysis of the throwing shoulder with glenohumeral instability. J Bone Joint Surg 70A(2):220–226, 1988.}

_{23. Headley BJ: Evaluation and treatment of myofascial pain syndrome utilizing biofeedback. Chapter 5. In: Clinical EMG for Surface Recordings, Vol. 2, Edited by Cram JR. Clinical Resources, Nevada City, 1990.}

_{24. Hecht JS: Subscapular nerve block in the painful hemiplegic shoulder. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 73:1036–1039, 1992.}

_{25. Inman VT, Saunders JB, Abbott LC: Observations on the function of the shoulder joint. J Bone Joint Surg 26:1—30, 1944 (pp.}

_{14, 15, 21–24).}

_{26. Jenkins DB: Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back. Ed. 6. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1991 (pp. 73–74).}

_{27. Jobe FW, Peny J, Pink M: Electromyographic shoulder activity in men and women professional golfers. Am J Sports Med 17(6):782–787, 1989.}

_{28. Joynt RL: The source of shoulder pain in hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 73:409–413, 1992.}

_{29. Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG: Muscles: Testing and Function. Ed. 4. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1993 (p. 294).}

_{30. Kopell HP, Thompson WA: Pain and the frozen shoulder. Surg Gynecol Obstet 109:92–96, 1959.}

_{31. Lange M: Die Muskelharten (Myogelosen). J. F. Lehmanns, Munchen, 1931 (p. 129, Fig. 40A).}

_{32. Lewit K: Manipulative Therapy in Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System. Ed. 2. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1991 (pp. 204, 205).}

_{33. Marmor LC: The painful shoulder. Am Fam Phys 1:75–82, 1970 (pp. 78–79).}

_{34. McMinn RM, Hutchings RT, Pegington J, et al.: Color Atlas of Human Anatomy. Ed. 3. Mosby-Year Book, Missouri, 1993 (p. 126).}

_{35. Melzer C, Wallny T, Wirth a, et al.: Frozen shoulder — treatment and results. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 114(2):87–91, 1995.}

_{36. Mennell JM: Joint Pain: Diagnosis and Treatment Using Manipulative Techniques. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1964 (pp. 78–90).}

_{37. Mikasa M: Subacromial bursography. J Jpn Orthop Assoc 53:225–231, 1979.}

_{38. Neviaser JS: Musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder region causing cervicobrachial pain; differential diagnosis and treatment. Surg Clin North Am 43:1703–1714, 1963 (pp. 1708–1713).}

_{39. Nielsen AJ: Case study: myofascial pain of the posterior shoulder relieved by spray and stretch. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther 5:21–26, 1981.}

_{40. Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Biggs DJ, Fitsialos DP, et al.: The resistant frozen shoulder. Manipulation versus arthroscopic release. Clin Orthop 319:238–248, 1995.}

_{41. Ormandy L: Scapulocostal syndrome. VA Med Q 121(2):105–108, 1994.}

_{42. Patriquin DA, Jones JM III: Articulatory techniques. Chapter 55. In: Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine. Edited by Ward RC. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997 (pp. 778, 779, Fig. 55.26).}

_{43. Pemkopf E: Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy, Vol. 2. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1964 (Fig. 60).}

_{44. Pink M, Jobe FW, Peny J: Electromyographic analysis of the shoulder during the golf swing. Am J Sports Med 18(2):137–140, 1990.}

_{45. Pollock RG, Duralde XA, Flatow EL, et al.: The use of arthroscopy in the treatment of resistant frozen shoulder. Clin Orthop 304:30–36, 1994.}

_{46. Rachlin ES: Injection of specific trigger points. Chapter 10. In: Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia. Edited by Rachlin ES. Mosby, St. Louis, 1994 (pp. 200–202).}

_{47. Reynolds MD: Personal Communication, 1980.}

_{48. Rinzler SH, Travell J: Therapy directed at the somatic component of cardiac pain. Am Heart J 35:248–268, 1948 (Case 3, pp. 261–263).}

_{49. Rizk ТЕ, Gavant ML, Pinals RS: Treatment of adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) with arthrographic capsular distension and rupture. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75(7):803–807, 1994.}

_{50. Rubin D: An approach to the management of myofascial trigger point syndromes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 62.107–110, 1981.}

_{51. Scovazzo ML, Browne A, Pink M, et al.: The painful shoulder during freestyle swimming. Am J Sports Med 19(6):577–582, 1991.}

_{52. Spalteholz W: Handatlas der Anatomie des Menschen. Ed. II, Vol. 2. S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1922 (p. 318).}

_{53. Toldt C: An Atlas of Human Anatomy, translated by М. E. Paul. Ed. 2, Vol. I, Macmillan, New York, 1919 (p. 277).}

_{54. Ibid. (p. 313).}

_{55. Travell J, Rinzler SH: The myofascial genesis of pain. Postgrad Med 11:425–434, 1952.}

_{56. Voss DE, Ionta MK, Myers BJ: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation. Ed. 3. Harper and Row, Philadelphia, 1985.}

_{57. Waldburger M, Meier JL, Gobelet C: The frozen shoulder: diagnosis and treatment. Prospective study of 50 cases of adhesive capsulitis. Clin Rheumatol 11(3):364–368, 1992.}

_{58. Ward RC: Integrated neuromusculoskeletal techniques for specific cases. Chapter 63. In: Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. Edited by Ward RC. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 851–899 (pp. 887, 890, 891, Figs. 63.80 and 63.81).}

_{59. Warner JJ, Allen A, Marks PH, et al.: Arthroscopic release for chronic, refractory adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg 78A(12):1808–1816, 19 %.}