_{18. Ibid. (Sect. 14).}

_{19. Ibid. (Sect. 13).}

_{20. Ibid. (Sect. 16).}

_{21. Chattopadhyay A: The cervical pillow. J Indian Med Assoc 75(1):6–9, 1980.}

_{22. Chu J: Dry needling (intramuscular stimulation) in myofascial pain related to lumbosacral radiculopathy. Eur J Phys Med Rehabil 5(4):106–121,1995.}

_{23. Clemente CD: Gray i Anatomy. Ed. 30. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1985 (pp. 469–471).}

_{24. Ibid. (p. 1194, Fig. 12–28). 1985}

_{25. Ibid. (pp. 466–469, 472, Fig. 6-21).}

_{26. Clemente CD: Anatomy. Ed. 3. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, 1987 (Figs. 524, 525).}

_{27. Ibid. (Fig. 526).}

_{28. Coers C, Woolf AL: The Innervation of Muscle, A Biopsy Study. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1959.}

_{29. Cyriax J: Rheumatic headache. Br Med J 2:1367–1368, 1938.}

_{30. D’Alonzo GE Jr, Krachman SL: Respiratory system. Chapter 37. In: Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. Edited by Ward RC. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997 (pp. 441–458).}

_{31. Duchenne GB: Physiology of Motion, translated by E. B. Kaplan. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1949 (p. 534).}

_{32. Ehrenfeuchter WC, Heilig D, Nicholas AS: Soft Tissue Techniques. Chapter 56. In: Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. Edited by Ward RC. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997 (pp. 781–794, see p. 783).}

_{33. Eisler P: Die Muskeln des Stammes. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1912 (pp. 401, 404, 406, 420, Figs. 56, 57).}

_{34. Ibid. (p. 405, Fig. 58).}

_{35. Ibid. (p. 426, Figs. 59, 61).}

_{36. Erhardt CC, Mumford PA, Venables PJ, et al.: Factors predicting a poor life prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis: an eight year prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis 48:7—13, 1989.}

_{37. Gerwin R: A study of 96 subjects examined both for fibromyalgia and myofascial pain [Abstract|. J Musculoske Pain 3(Suppl 1):121, 1995.}

_{38. Gerwin R: Personal communication, 1996.}

_{39. Glover JC, Yates HA; Strain and counterstrain techniques. Chapter 58. In: Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. Edited by Ward RC. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997:809–818 (p. 810).}

_{40. Granges G, Littlejohn G; Prevalence of myofascial pain syndrome in fibromyalgia syndrome and regional pain syndrome; a comparative study. J Musculoske Pain 1(2):19–35, 1993.}

_{41. Halla JT, Hardin JG Jr.: Atlantoaxial (C1—C2) facet joint osteoarthritis: a distinctive clinical syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 30(5):577–582, 1987.}

_{42. Hong CZ: Considerations and recommendations regarding myofascial trigger point injection. J Musculoske Pain 2(1):29–59, 1994.}

_{43. Hubbell SL, Thomas M: Postpartum cervical myofascial pain syndrome: review of four patients. Obstet Gynecol 65:56S—57S, 1985.}

_{44. Jackson R: The Cervical Syndrome. Ed. 3. Charles С Thomas, Springfield, III., 1977 (pp. 310–314).}

_{45. Jaeger B-Are «cervicogenic» headaches due to myofascial pain and cervical spine dysfunction? Cephalalgia 9(Suppl J):l 57–64, 1989.}

_{46. Jaeger B, Reeves JL, Graff-Radford SB: A psychophysiological investigation of myofascial trigger point sensitivity vs. EMG activity and tension headache. Cephalalgia (Suppl) 53:68, 1985.}

_{47. Jenkins DB: Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back. Ed. 6. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1991 (p. 201).}

_{48. Ibid (p. 203).}

_{49. Jones LH: Strain and Counterstrain. American Academy of Osteopathy, Colorado Springs (now Newark, OH), 1981.}

_{50. Kappler RE, Ramey KA: Head, diagnosis and treatment. Chapter 44. In: Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. Edited by Ward RC. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997 (pp. 515–540, see p. 530).}

_{51. Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG: Muscles: Testing and Function. Ed. 4. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1993.}

_{52. Kraus H: Clinical Treatment of Back and Neck Pain. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970 (pp. 104, 105).}

_{53. Kuchera ML: Gravitational stress, musculo-ligamentous strain and postural realignment. Spine 9(2):463–490, 1995.}

_{54. Kuchera WA, Kuchera ML: Osteopathic Principles in Practice. Ed. 2. Greyden Press, Columbus, OH, 1994 (p. 360).}

_{55. Kuchera ML, McPartland JM: Myofascial trigger points, an introduction. Chapter 65. In: Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. Edited by Ward RC. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997 (pp. 915–918).}

_{56. Lockhart RD, Hamilton GF, Fyfe FW: Anatomy of the Human Body. Ed. 2 J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1969 (pp. 169, 274, Fig. 278).}

_{57. Middaugh SJ, Kee WG, Nicholson JA: Muscle overuse and posture as factors in the development and maintenance of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Chapter 3. In: Psychological Vulnerability to Chronic Pain. Edited by Grezesia R, Ciccone D. Springer Publishing Co., New York, 1994 (pp. 55–89).}

_{58. Modell W, Travell JT, Kraus H, et al.: Contributions to Cornell Conferences on Therapy. Relief of pain by ethyl chloride spray. NY State J Med 52:1550–1558, 1952.}

_{59. Pauly JE: An electromyographic analysis of certain movements and exercises: I. Some deep muscles of the back. Anat Rec 155:223–234, 1966.}

_{60. Pemkopf E: Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy, Vol. 2. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1964 (Fig. 30).}

_{61. Ibid (Fig. 35).}

_{62. Rachlin ES: Injection of Specific Trigger Points. Chapter 10. In: Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia. Edited by Rachlin ES. Mosby, St. Louis. 1994 (pp. 305–308, Fig. 10–40).}

_{63. Reynolds MD: Myofascial trigger point syndromes in the practice of rheumatology. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 62:111–114, 1981.}

_{64. Rubin BR: Rheumatology. Chapter 38. In: Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. Edited by Ward RC. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, pp. 459–466.}

_{65. Shapiro R: Personal Communication, 1996.}

_{66. Sola AE: Trigger point therapy. Chapter 47. In: Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine, Edited by Roberts JR, Hedges JR. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1985 (Fig. 47-8).}

_{67. Spalteholz W: Handatlas der Anatomie des Menschen. Ed. 11, Vol. 2. S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1922 (pp. 308, 311).}

_{68. Ibid. (p. 312).}

_{69. Ibid. (p. 313).}

_{70. Sunderland S: The nerve lesion in the carpal tunnel syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 39:615–626, 1976.}

_{71. Takebe K, Vitti M, Basmajian JV: The functions of semispinalls capitis and splenius capitis muscles: An electromyographic study. Ant Rec 179:477–480, 1974.}

_{72. Tichauer ER: Industrial engineering in the rehabilitation of the handicapped. J Ind Eng 19:96—104, 1968 (p. 98 Fig. 2, p. 99 Table 2).}

_{73. Toldt C: An Atlas of Human Anatomy, translated by М. E. Paul. Ed. 2. Vol. I. Macmillan, New York, 1919 (p. 272).}

_{74. Travell J: Rapid relief of acute «stiff neck» by ethyl chloride spray. J Am Med Worn Assoc 4:89–95, 1949.}

_{75. Travell J: Pain mechanisms in connective tissue. In: Connective Tissues, Transactions of the Second Conference, 1951. Edited by Ragan C. Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York, 1952 (pp. 119, 120).}

_{76. Travell J: Referred pain from skeletal muscle: the pectoralis major syndrome of breast pain and soreness and the stemomastoid syndrome of headache and dizziness. NY State J Med 55:331–339, 1955.}

_{77. Travell J, Bigelow NH: Role of somatic trigger areas in the patterns of hysteria. Psychosom Med 9:353–363, 1947 (p. 361, Figs 7, 8).}