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_{115. Nakano KK: Entrapment neuropathies, Chapter 111. In Textbook of Rheumatology, Vol. 2, edited by W. N. Kelley, E. D. Harris, Jr., S Ruddy, et al. W В Saunders, Philadelphia, 1981 (pp. 1829–1846, see pp. 1841–1843).}

_{116. Noris FH Jr, Gasteiger EL, Chatfield PO‘ An electromyographic study of induced and spontaneous muscle cramps. EEC Clin Neurophysiol 9:139–147, 1957.}

_{117. Odendaal HJ: Kalsium vir die Behandeling van Beenkrampe tydens Swangeiskap S Afr Med J 48:780–781, 1974.}

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_{120. Parrow A, Samuelsson S-M: Use of chloroquine phosphate — a new treatment for spontaneous leg cramps. Acta Med Scand 181:237–244, 1967.}

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_{122. Patton GW, Parker RJ. Rupture of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle at the musculotendinous junction mimicking a compartment syndrome. J Foot Surg 28:433–437, 1989.}

_{123. Pavlov H, Heneghan MA, Hersh A, et al: The Haglund syndrome" initial and differential diagnosis. Radiology 144:83–88, 1982.}

_{124. Pemkopf E. Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy, Vol. 2. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1964 (Fig. 352).}

_{125. Perry J, Easterday CS, Antonelli DJ: Surface versus intramuscular electrodes for electromyography of superficial and deep muscles. Phys Ther 61:7–15, 1981}

_{126. Popeliansku la lu, Bogdanov El, Khabirov FA [Algesic trigger zones of the gastrocnemius muscle in lumbar osteochondrosis] (clinico-pathomorpiiological and electromyographic analysis). Zh Nevrvpatol Psikhiatr 84:1055–1061, 1984.}

_{127. Portnoy H, Moral F: Electromyographic study of postural muscles in various positions and movements. Am J Physiol 186:122–126, 1956.}

_{128. Ramchandani P„Soulen RL, Fedullo LM, et al Deep vein thrombosis, significant limitations of noninvasive tests. Radiology 156:47–49, 1985.}

_{129. Rasch PJ, Burke RK: Kinesiology and Applied Anatomy, Ed. 6. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1978 (p. 309).}

_{130. Ibid. (pp. 318–319).}

_{131. Ibid. (p 330).}

_{132. Rask MR-Postoperative archnoradiculitis: report of 24 patients and the conservative therapy therefore. J Neurol Orthop Surg 1:157–166, 1980.}

_{133. Rawls WB: Management of nocturnal leg cramps. West J Med 7:152–157, 1966.}

_{134. Reynolds MD. Myofascial trigger poini syndromes in the practice of rheumatology. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 62:111–114, 1981}

_{135. Rish BL Nerve root compression and night cramps. JAMA 254:361, 1985.}

_{136. Rivlin S: Nocturnal calf cramp. Lancet 1:203, 1973.}

_{137. Roberts HJ: Spontaneous leg cramps and «restless legs» due to diabetogenic (functional) hyperinsulimsm. J Fla Med Assoc 60:29–31, 1973.}

_{138. Rohen JW, Yokochi C: Color Atlas of Anatomy. Ed. 2 lgaku-Shoin, New York, 1988 (pp. 420, 421)}

_{139. Ibid. (p. 422).}

_{140. Ibid. (p. 423).}

_{141. Rollo IM: Drugs used in the chemotherapy of malaria. Chapter 45. In The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, edited by Goodman and Gilman, Ed. 6 MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1980 (pp. 1038–1060, see p. 1056).}

_{142. Rowland LP. Cramps, spasms and muscle stiffness. Rev Neurol (Pahs) 141:261–273, 1985.}

_{143. Rowland LP: Diseases of muscle and neuromuscular junction, Section 16, Chapter 537. In Cecil Textbook of Medicine, edited by J В Wyngaarden, L H. Smith, Jr, Ed. 17. W В Saunders, Philadelphia, 1985 (pp. 2198–2216, see pp. 2215–2216).}

_{144. Rowland LP, Penn AS: Heat-related muscle cramps. Arch Intern Med 134:1133, 1974.}

_{145. Rubin D. An approach to the management of myofascial trigger point syndromes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 62:107–110, 1981}

_{146. Sadamoto T, Bonde-Petersen F, Suzuki Y. Skeletal muscle tension, flow, pressure, and EMG during sustained isometric contractions in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 37:395–408, 1983}

_{147. Saskin Pt Whelton C, Moldofsky H, et al Sleep and nocturnal leg cramps (letter) Sleep 11:307–308, 1988.}

_{148. Schimrigk K: Musketkater imd Muskelkrampf. Med Welt 30:780–788, 1979.}

_{149. Shiavj R, Griffm P. Changes m electromyographic gait patterns of calf muscles with walking speed. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 30:73–76, 1983.}

_{150. Simmons VP-Muscle spasm — why does it hurt? Philadelphia Med 78:307–308, 1982.}

_{151. Simons DG Musclc pain syndromes — Parts I and II. Am J Phys Med 54:289–311, 1975, and 55:15–42, 1976}

_{152. Simons DG: Myofascial pain syndrome due to trigger points, Chapter 45. In Rehabilitation Medicine, edited by Joseph Goodgold. С. V Mosby Co., St Louis, 1988 (pp. 686–723, see pp. 6911 719)}

_{153. Ibid. (p 712, Fig. 45-9B).}

_{154. Simons DG-Myofascial Pain Syndromes. In Current Therapy of Pain, edited by К. M. Foley, R M Payne В. C. Decker Inc, Philadelphia, 1989 (pp 251–266, see Table 4)}

_{155. Simons DG, Travell JG: Myofascial pam syndromes, Chapter 25. In Textbook of Pain, edited by P. D. Wall and R Melzack, Ed 2. Churchill Livingstone, London, 1989 (pp. 368–385, see p 378)}

_{156. Sola AE: Treatment of myofascial pain syndromes. In Recent Advances in the Management of Pain, edited by Costantmo Benedetti, C. Richard Chapman, Guido Moncca. Raven Press, New York, 1984, Series title: Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 7 (pp 467–485, see pp 480–481).}

_{157. Sola AE: Trigger pomt therapy, Chapter 47. In Clinical Procedures tn Emergency Mediane, edited by J. R. Roberts and J R Hedges. W, B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1985 (pp. 683–685).}

_{158. Sontag SJ, Wanner JN: The cause of leg cramps and knee pains an hypothesis and effective treatment. Med Hypotheses 25:35–41, 1988.}

_{159. Spalteholz W: Handatias der Anatomie des Menschen, Ed II, Vol. 2 S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1922 (p, 363).}

_{160. Ibid. (p. 364).}

_{161. Ibid. (p, 366).}

_{162 Stalberg E, Tromelj JV. Singh Fibre Electromyographv. Miravalle Press Ltd., Surrey, 1979 (pp. 99-107).}

_{163. Steiner I, Siegal T: Muscle cramps in cancer patients. Cancer 63:574–577, 1989.}

_{164. Stern FH. Leg cramps in geriatric diabetics with peripheral vascular ischemia. Treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 14:609–616, 1966}

_{165. Sutherland DH. An electromyographic study of the plantar flexors of the ankle m normal walking on the level. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 48:66–71, 1966.}

_{166. Sutherland DH, Cooper L, Daniel D: The role of the ankle plantar flexors in normal walking. J Bone Joint Surg IAm] 62:354–363, 1980.}

_{167. Toldt С An Atlas of Human Anatomy, translated by М. E, Paul, Ed. 2, Vol 1 Macmillan, New York, 1919 (p. 368).}

_{168. Townsend MA. Lainhart SP, Shiavi R: Variability and biomechanics of synergy patterns of some lower-limb muscles during ascending and descending stairs and level walking. Med Biol Eng Comput 16:681–688, 1978}