249
Главный источник следующего обсуждения — разбор случая Гарвардской школы бизнеса. Rebecca Henderson, Kate Isaacs, and Katrin Käufer, «Triodos Bank: Conscious Money in Action», HBS Case no. 313–109, March 2013 (Revised June 2013).
250
«About Triodos Bank», Triodos, www.triodos.com/about-us.
251
Triodos Bank, Annual Report 2018, www.triodos-im.com/press-releases/2019/triodos-investment-management-in-2018.
252
Насколько я понимаю, в Triodos решили не финансировать этого производителя обуви.
253
Triodos Bank, Annual Report 2018.
254
Lorie Konish, «The Big Wealth Transfer Is Coming. Here’s How to Make Sure Younger Generations Are Ready», CNBC, Aug. 12, 2019, www.cnbc.com/2019/08/12/a-big-wealth-transfer-is-coming-how-to-get-younger-generations-ready.html.
255
Литература об этом и следующем случае — в моем разборе примера Mondragon: Rebecca Henderson and Michael Norris, «IWorkerIVote: MONDRAGON in the U.S»., Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 316–176, April 2016.
256
«The Development and Significance of Agricultural Cooperatives in the American Economy», Indiana Law Journal 27, no. 3, Article 2 (1952), www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2352&context=ilj.
257
«The Development and Significance of Agricultural Cooperatives in the American Economy», Indiana Law Journal.
258
Leon Stein, The Triangle Fire, 1st ed. (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1962).
259
Steven Deller, Ann Hoyt, Brent Hueth, and Reka Sundaram-Stukel, «Research on the Economic Impact of Cooperatives», University of Wisconsin Center for Cooperatives, June 19, 2009, http://reic.uwcc.wisc.edu/sites/all/REIC_FINAL.pdf.
260
Tony Sekulich, «Top Ten Agribusiness Companies in the World», Tharawat Magazine 12 (June 2019), https://www.tharawat-magazine.com/facts/top-ten-agribusiness-companies/.
261
«Leading U. S. Commercial Banks by Revenue 2018», Statista, www.statista.com/statistics/185488/leading-us-commerciaI-banks-by-revenue/.
262
Douglas L. Kruse, ed., «Shared Capitalism at Work: Employee Ownership, Profit and Gain Sharing, and Broad-Based Stock Options», National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report (University of Chicago Press, May 2010).
263
Douglas L. Kruse, Joseph R. Blasi, and Rhokeun Park, «Shared Capitalism in the U. S. Economy», NBER Working paper no. 14225 (Cambridge, MA: NBER, August 2008).
264
Kruse et al., «Shared Capitalism in the U. S. Economy» (2008).
265
Kruse et al., «Shared Capitalism in the U. S. Economy» (2008).
266
Hazel Sheffield, «The Preston Model: UK Takes Lessons in Recovery from Rust Belt Cleveland», Guardian, April 11, 2017, www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/apr/ll/preston-cleveland-model-lessons-recovery-rust-belt.
См. также https://thenextsystem.org/learn/stories/infographic-preston-model.
267
Publix, «About Publix», доступ в январе 2014 г., www.publix.com/about/CompanyOverview.do.
268
John Lewis Partnership, «About Us», доступ в январе 2014 г., www.johnlewispartnership.co.uk/about.html.
269
«About Us», Mondragon Corporation, www.mondragon-corporation.com/en/about-us/.
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Mondragon Corporation, Annual Report 2018 (2018), www.mondragon-corporation.com/en/about-us/economic-and-financial-indicators/annual-report/.
271
«Mondragon Corporation, Winner at the Boldness in Business Awards Organized by the Financial Times», MAPA Group, Mar. 27, 2013, www.mapagroup.net/2013/03/mondragon-corporation-winner-at-the-boldness-in-business-awards-organized-by-the-financial-times/.
272
Критики иногда говорят, что сотрудники-владельцы рискуют, поскольку держат слишком большую долю своих средств в одной фирме, однако дополнительное вознаграждение, по-видимому, это более чем компенсирует. См., например, Peter Kardas, Adria L. Scharf, and Jim Keogh, «Wealth and Income Consequences of ESOPs and Employee Ownership: A Comparative Study from Washington State», Journal of Employee Ownership Law and Finance 10, no. 4 (1998).
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На банковский счет для фиксированных взносов работодатели и сотрудники вносят средства, из которых потом будет оплачена пенсия.
ESOP Association data. Analyzed by NCEO, доступ в феврале 2015 г., www.esopassociation.org/explore/employee-ownership-news/resources-for-reporters.
274
Kruse et al., «Shared Capitalism in the U. S. Economy?» (2008).
275
Colin Mayer, Prosperity: Better Business Makes the Greater Good (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2019); Lynn Stout, The Shareholder Value Myth: How Putting Shareholders First Harms Investors, Corporations, and the Public, 1st ed. (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2012); Thomas Donaldson and Lee Preston, «The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications», Academy of Management Review 20, no. 1 (1995): 65–91.
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См., например, Stout, The Shareholder Value Myth; Mayer, Prosperity; Leo Strine, Towards Fair and Sustainable Capitalism (Research Paper no. 19–39, University of Pennsylvania Law School, Institute for Law and Economics, September 2019), https://ssrn.com/abstract=3461924.
277
См. https://benefitcorp.net/.
Регистрация в качестве корпорации общественного блага имеет важные отличия от сертификации в качестве «B Corporation». В последнем случае фирма просто обязуется проводить не только финансовую оценку своей деятельности. См. https://bcorporation.net/.
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«Benefit Corporation Reporting Requirements», Benefit Corporation, https://benefitcorp.net/businesses/benefit-corporation-reporting-requirements.
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«State by State Status of Legislation», Benefit Corporation, https://benefitcorp.net/policymakers/state-by-state-status.
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«Benefit Corporations & Certified B Corps», Benefit Corporation, https://benefitcorp.net/businesses/benefit-corporations-and-certified-b-corps.
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Эту обязанность директора обычно называют обязанностью Revlon. Leo E. Strine, Jr., «Making It Easier for Directors to Do the Right Thing», Harv. Bus. L. Rev. 4 (2014): 235.
282
Stout, The Shareholder Value Myth.
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См. FAQ, Benefit Corporation, https://benefitcorp.net/faq.
