304
Ibid. P. 227.
305
Genevieve Bouchon and Denys Lombard. «The Indian Ocean in the Fifteenth Century» in India and the Indian Ocean, ed. A. D. Gupta and M. N. Pearson (Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1987). P. 55-56.
306
Quoted in Silverberg. P. 216.
307
Pearson. «India and the Indian Ocean in the Sixteenth Century». P. 67-68.
308
Ibid. P. 87.
309
Quoted in Zweig. P. 52.
310
Zweig. P. 33-69.
311
Ibid. P. 192-240.
312
Pearson. «India and the Indian Ocean in the Sixteenth Century». P. 90.
313
Quoted in Frederic С. Lane. «The Mediterranean Spice Trade: Fur ther Evidence of Its Revival in the Sixteenth Century». American Historical Review, 45:3 (April 1940). P. 589.
314
Ibid. P. 587.
315
Frederic С Lane. «Venetian Shipping during the Commercial Revolution». P. 228-234.
316
Om Prakash. «European Commercial Enterprise in Precolonial Europe» in The New Cambridge History of India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 11:5, 45.
317
Ibid. P. 581, 287-588. Противоположную точку зрения см.: С. Н. Н. Wake. «The Changing Pattern of Europe's Pepper and Spice Imports, ca. 1400-1700». Journal of European Economic History. (Fall 1979). P. 361-403. Но даже Уэйк отмечает, что в XVI веке через Красное море и Венецию шел значительный поток пряностей.
318
М. N. Pearson. The New Cambridge History of India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 1:1, 44.
319
Boxer. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire. P. 59.
320
Charles R. Boxer. «A Note on Portuguese Reactions to the Revival of the Red Sea Spice Trade and the Rise of Atjeh, 1540-1600». Journal of Southeast Asian History 10 (1969). P. 420.
321
Ibid. P. 425.
322
Charles R. Boxer. The Great Ship from Amacon (Lisbon: Centro de Estudios Histyricos Ultramarinos, 1959). P. 1-2.
323
Ibid. P. 22.
324
Ibid. P. 15-16.
325
Ibid. P. 16-18.
326
M. N. Pearson. The New Cambridge History of India, 1:1. P. 37-39.
327
M. A. P. Meilink-Roelofsz, Asian Trade and European Influence in the Indonesian Archipelago Between 1500 and About 1630 (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962). P. 144.
328
Ibid. P. 43.
329
Prakash. P. 54.
330
John Villiers. «Las Yslas de Esperar en Dios: The Jesuit Mission in Moro 1546-1571». Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 3 (1988, special issue). P. 597.
331
Paramita R. Abdurachman. «Niachile Pokaraga»: A Sad Story of a Moluccan Queen». Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 3 (1988, special issue). P. 589.
332
Andaya. P. 116-141.
333
Disney. P. 20-21.
334
Homer H. Dubs and Robert S. Smith. «Chinese in Mexico City in 1635». Far Eastern Quarterly 1, no. 4 (August 1942). P. 387.
335
Horace Stern. «The First Jewish Settlers in America: Their Strug gle for Religious Freedom», Jewish Quarterly Review 45, no. 4 (April 1955). P. 289, 292-293, цит. 293.
336
Philippa Scott. «The Book of Silk» (London: Thames and Hudson, 1993) P. 22, 24, 33.
337
J. H. Parry. Review of «Friar Andras de Urdaneta, O. S. A»., Hispanic American Historical Review 47, no.2 (May 1967). P. 262.
338
William Lytle Schurz. «Mexico, Peru, and the Manila Galleon», American Historical Review 1, no. 4 (November 1918). P. 390.
339
Ibid. P. 394-395.
340
Dubs and Smith. P. 387.
341
Ibid. P. 398.
342
Ibid. P. 391.
343
Ibid. P. 387
344
Потребление сахара — http://www.fao.org/documents/ show_cdr.asp?urlJile=/docrep/009/J7927e/j7927e07.htm. Население Евросоюза 457 миллионов — http://www.cia.gov/cia/publi cations/factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html; население США 299 миллионов — http://www.census.gov/population/www/popclo ckus.html. Средневековое европейское потребление — Henry Hobhouse. Seeds of Change (New York: Harper and Row, 1986). P. 44.
345
Norge W. Jerome, in James M. Weiffenbach, ed. Taste and Development: The Genesis of Sweet Preference, Washington D.C.: Natio nal Institutes of Health, 1974) P. 243.
346
Sidney W. Mintz Sweetness and Power, (New York: «Penguin», 1986)P.xxi,6.
347
Paul Hentzner— http://www.britania.com/history/docs/ hentzner.html
348
J. H. Galloway. The Mediterranean Sugar Industry, Geographical Review 67, no. 2 (April 1977) P. 182-188.
349
Mintz. P. 23.
350
Galloway. P. 180.
351
Alberto Vieria. «Sugar Islands» and «Introduction», in Stuart B. Schwartz, ed. Tropical Babylons (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004) P. 10, 62-73.
352
Jonathan I. Israel. Dutch Primacy in World Trade, 1585-1740 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1989) P. 161-168.
353
Stern. P. 289. Для более детального изучения вопроса см. Arnold Wiznitzer «The Exodus from Brazil and Arrival in New Am sterdam of the Jewish Pilgrim Fathers, 1654», Publication of the Ame rican Jewish Historical Society44, no. 1 (September 1954). P. 80-95.
354
J. E. Heeres. «Het Aandeel der Nederlanders in de Ontdekking van Australie, 1606-1765», Leiden: Boekhandel en Drukkerij Voorheen E. J. Brill, 1899. P. xii-xiv. Также см. Estensen. P. 126-127.
355
Ibid. P. 156-164. Более подробно о крушении «Батавии» см. Mike Dash. Batavias Graveyard (New York, Crown Publishers, 2002).
