Parting remarks: Bye-bye / See you / See you tomorrow (then); Love

to... Regards to ...

PHONETIC NOTES

1. Характерным для английского языка является сложный нисходяще-

восходящий тон (the falling-rising tone, или Fall-Rise). Нисходяще-

восходящий тон наблюдается в смыс

ловых группах, требующих восходящего тона, в которых

коммуникативный центр высказывания выделен понижением тона.

Нисходяще-восходящее движение тона может осуществляться в пределах

одного слога или распространяться на большее количество слогов.

Употребление нисходяще-восходящего тона вместо простого

восходящего тона характерно для эмоционально окрашенной речи:

They are in xCanada ,now.

.. ♦ "\ .. *У

2. Интонация обращения (Direct Address). Интонация обращения

зависит от его места в предложении. В начале предложения обращение

всегда ударно, обычно образует самостоятельную смысловую группу и

произносится, как правило, с нисходяще-восходящим тоном. Например:

xGran,ny, | -»have I any ,cousins? * \ j ~ .

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В официальной речи или когда обращение направлено к аудитории,

оно произносится с нисходящим тоном:

Comrade Ivaxnova, | -» come to the /blackboard, please.

— • •

•

— • •

В середине и в конце предложения обращение безударно и

продолжает мелодию предшествующей смысловой группы:

-»Come a,long, my dearest.

3. В предложениях, содержащих перечисление (enumeration), обычно

каждая неконечная смысловая группа произносится с восходящим тоном.

Например:

The Vfive 'members of his 'family xare: | his /mother, | his sister-in-law, |

his -> son /Benny, | his -» wife ,Helen | and himxself.

— •

—

*

— —

•

•

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•

—

t l

S T U D Y T H E F O L L O W I N G

82

T a b l e No. 1

ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ С ВВОДНЫМ THERE

There isa

some no

not anybook cup knife plate

newspaperon the table, on the desk.There aresome no

not any (not) many a lot of a fewbooks

exercise-books

cups knivesr

on the table, on th,e desk.There *ssome no

not any (not) much a lot of little a littlechalk

bread

butter

sugar

milk

Is thereanybook cup knife plate

newspaperon the table? on the desk?Are thereany

many

fewbooks

exercise-books plateson the table? on the desk?

! 1

i 1 Is thereany

much

littlechalk

bread

butter

sugar

milk

83

The

clock

glass

is

cat

dog

boxes

pencils

are

books

on

under

the

desk, chair, bed. i sofa.

bookcase.

NUMERALS

101

— one hundred and one

245

— two hundred and forty-five

359

— three hundred and fifty-nine

712

— seven hundred and twelve

2 018

— two thousand and eighteen

8 541

— eight thousand five hundred and forty-one

3 400 936

— three million four hundred thousand nine hundred

and thirty-six

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Примечания. 1 В составных числительных перед десятками (а если их нет,

то перед единицами) ставится союз and

2

Числительные hundred, thousand, million не употребляются во

множественном числе Во множественном числе могут употребляться только

соответствующие существительные. Например' hundreds of thousands of people.

3

Годы обозначаются количественными числительными.

1900 — nineteen hundred,

1909 — nineteen nine или nineteen hundred and nine,

1977 — nineteen seventy-seven или nineteen hundred and seventy-seven.

Слово year после обозначения года не употребляется, но может

употребляться перед ним in the year nineteen twelve

Даты обозначаются порядковыми числительными, на письме и в чтении

25th January, 1912 the twenty-fifth of January, nineteen-twelve January

25th, 1912 или January the twenty-fifth, nineteen twelve, January 25, 1912.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

Для указания времени употребляются предлоги at, past, to, from, till.

e. g. Come at five o'clock. Go there at seven. The train arrives at seven

thirty-two. It is half past two. It is a quarter to three. Leave your place at a

quarter to six. He is at home from three till four.

EXERCISES

I. a) Study Substitution Table No. 1 and compose as many sentences

as you can. b) Let the members of the class ask and answer questions as

in the model. Give a short answer and add a sentence of your own with

the introductory there.

M o d e l : Is there any clock on your desk?

There is. And there is also a lamp on it.

c) Respond to the negative sentence of your fellow-student as in the model. Use

contracted forms in speech.

M o d e l : There aren't any knives on the table.

No, there aren't. There are only forks here.

d} Study Substitution Table No. 2 and compose as many sentences a$ you can.

e| Use the same sentences in short situations.

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II. Transcribe the following words and explain the reading rules:

boot, prepare, ball, book, mere, meat, good, store, bread, care, palm, cure,

cold, last, plant, text, exam, rather, germ, hurt, hare, grasp, staff, bald, calf,

chalk, clasp, a talented dancer, a broken branch, a stone wall, a dull day, a

wise man, a cheap car, a big ship, a fat sheep, a naughty girl, a lazy boy, a rare

plant, a strict lady, a cold lake, a birthday present, Bertha's basket, spare time,

pure water.

III. Write the plural form of the following nouns. Transcribe them:

country, saleswoman, match, boy, sister-in-law, man, tooth, handkerchief,

potato, deer, piano, knife, lady, suffix, foot.

IV. Before you start working at the text, practise the sounds in the following

words and word combinations:

1. [A] — cousin, at once, husband, country, London, much,

but, come; [a] — large, aunt, farther, as far as; [ o : ]

— daughter, Georgie, four, North.

2. a) Linking r: yourwaunt, are^in Canada, where^is it,

faraway, as fai^s;

b) No voicing before voiced consonants: Thoma§J3rown, it'sfjust,

it'^jnuch;

c) No devoicing before voiceless consonants: Benny' SLЈOU-sins,

whos^children, Emily' SLfhildren;

d) Loss of plosion: but^granny, micijday.

V. a) Listen to the recording of the text "Doctor Sandford's Family". Mark the

stresses and tunes, b) Practise the text for test reading. Listen to the text very

carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way. c) Listen to the recording of

the dialogue "About Benny's Cousins". Mark the stresses and tunes, d) Practise the

dialogue for test reading. Listen to the text very carefully until you can say it in

exactly the same way. e) Memorize the dialogue and dramatize it.

V. Read the following:

1. VOld Mrs. 'Sandford is 'fifty-veight, | V Helen is 'twenty-xsix, I Doctor

-»Sandford is xthirty. 2. There are a -»lot of, exercise-books, I,pens I and

xpencils on the desk. 3. There are V not so 'many ,parks, 1,gardens | and

^squares in the town. 4. -»Show all the , rivers, |,lakes, | and xseas on the map.