shall (shan't)

He (She)

You

will (won't)

They

to do it tomorrow. (?) to work in the

I

have

garden tomorrow morning. (?) to rewrite

Shall

we

the text. (?) to help them. (?)

he (she)

Will

you

they

198

Tab l e No. 5

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME AND CONDITION

Ishal We(shan't)He(She)Youwillgo to the countryit is hot. (?)They(won't)go for a walkthe

weather iswork in the gardeniffine. (?) Peter comes. (?)play tenniswhen

ShallIhave dinner in theit doesn't rain (it

wegardenrains). (?)the sun shines (?)

he (she)Willyou they

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

I. Study Substitution Tables No. 1 5 and compose as many sentences

—

as you can.

II. Change each of these sentences using the Future Continuous:

*

1. At 10 o'clock he was still working at the laboratory. 2. My friend was

preparing for her written test when I came. 3. Were you waiting for me at the

station at 8 o'clock in the morning? 4. Was his friend giving a lesson at 5 o'clock?

5. My nephew was repairing our vacuum-cleaner at 7. 6. My uncle was listening

to the news when I went to bed. 7. My aunt was knitting the whole morning. >

III.

Write questions to the parts of the sentences in bold type:

1. He will begin his lectures next month. 2. My brother will go to India for

six months. 3. My sister will go to the South because of her child's illness. 4. It

will take me 20 minutes to get to her house. 5. I shall be waiting for you at the

station. 6. It will take two years to build this theatre. 7. It was snowing hard

when I got up this morning. 8. I shall be able to translate this

article next week. 9. He will see her at 9 o'clock tomorrow. 10. I shall get up

tomorrow at 6 o'clock. 11. He will stay in the country for two months. 12. I shall

be able to go to the canteen after the lesson. 13. I shall have to repair my aunt's

iron tomorrow. 14. I shall be having dinner soon.

IV. Use the correct form of the verb in the adverbial clauses of time and condition:

199

1. If you (to translate) this article into Russian, I shall use it in my report. 2. If

she (to be) in Moscow now, she will meet you. 3. If you don't (to hurry), you will

miss the train. 4. If it (to rain), we shan't go to the country. 5. When my friend (to

come) to Moscow we shall go to the Bolshoi Theatre. 6. What will you be doing

when he (to come) to your place? 7. Don't forget to pay for your dinner before you

(to leave) the canteen. 8. I shall be able to translate this article if you (to give) me

a dictionary. 9. You will have to work hard at the laboratory if you (to miss) the

lesson. 10. Where will you go when you (to come) to Moscow? 11. You will lay

the table as sdon as Mary (to wash) the dishes. 12. I shan't have dinner before

mother (to come) home.

V. Use the following sentences in indirect speech. Make other necessary changes:

1. He says: "I am sure she will come in time." 2. She says: "I shall be able to

read English newspapers without a dictionary in a year." 3. They say: "We shan't

go to the Institute on Sunday." 4. Mr. Sandford says: "I shall have to pay much

money for the house." 5. Peter says: "I'll be waiting for you at the station." 6.

Mary says: "I'll be back soon." 7. She says: "What are you going to do when you

come home?" 8. She says: "I hope I'll soon speak English as well as you do." 9.

He says: "I am sure it will rain tomorrow." 10. They say: "We'll go for a walk if it

is hot tomorrow." 11. She says: "I am busy today but I'll be much busier

tomorrow." 12. Jane says: "I shall come earlier tomorrow." 13. John says: "I shan't

be able to meet them tomorrow." 14. He says: "I'll come if I am free." 15. She

says: "I'll go to the cinema in the evening if I am not very tired." 16. My mother

says: "You'll be sleepy tomorrow if you don't go to bed at once." 17. My aunt says:

"I shan't be thirsty if I have some grapes." 18. My mother says: "Don't serve

dessert before I clear the table."

VI. Change the following sentences using the Past and Future Indefinite:

1. You must practise this text in the laboratory. 2. You must take your exam in

English. 3. She can translate this article without a dictionary. 4. They can't meet

them at the station. 5. The doctor must examine this child. 6. He must work

systematically if he wants to know French well. 7. This child must spend more

time out in the open air. 8. I can't recite this poem. 9. You must take part in this

work. 10. He can't join the party, he is busy.

TEXT 1 SEASONS AND WEATHER

When two Englishmen meet, their first words will he "How do you do?" or

"How are you?" And after the reply "Very well, thank you: how are you?" the next

remark is almost certain to be about the weather. "It's a lovely morning, isn't it?"

or "Isn't it hot today?" and the other person will reply "Yesr it's wonderful weather

we are having. I hope it will keep fine, it seems almost too good to last."

200

Or perhaps the day is dull, it is raining a little, the sky is grey, and everyone is

wearing a mackintosh or carrying an umbrella. As the cars and buses go along the

street, they splash the water and mud on the passer§-by.

Gradually it gets darker: a thick fog is spreading over London. The lamps are

lit in the streets and in the shops and offices; cars and buses put on their lights and

can only crawl along. As one friend bumps into another, he says, "Isn't it a beastly

day?" — "Yes," replies the other, you can hardly see a yard in front of you."

Then comes winter. There has been a good fall of snow and a hard frost. It is

just the day for a good country walk; let us have a tramp down the country lanes.

The ground is like iron and rings under our feet, the frost sparkles on the branches,

and icicles hang from the houses.

It is still freezing hard and the ponds are frozen over. There are crowds of

people on them sliding and skating, and here is a merry group of schoolboys

having a fight with snowballs. It is very pleasant while the frost lasts; the

unpleasant time comes when the thaw begins. t

A few months have passed and it is a beautiful spring day. The rain fell

heavily last night, but now the soft white clouds are floating across the blue sky,

and the sun is shining brightly. Raindrops and dewdrops shine on every small

green leaf and every blade of young grass.

The farmer has ploughed his fields and the new corn is just beginning to

appear above the ground. In a few months autumn and harvest time will come.

When the corn has turned ripe and golden the farmer will reap it and put it in his

barn.

(Abridged from "Modem English Course for Foreign Students" by Eckerseley)

T E X T 2 DIALOGUE WEATHER TALK

L e o n : Lovely day today isn't it?

G e o r g e : It is. There's hardly a cloud in the sky in fact. L e o n : We'll have

a heat wave, I fear. It must be 25 degrees in the shade.

G e о r g e: It is very close today. Not a leaf is stirring. L e o n : There's hardly

a breath of air.

G e o r g e : By the way, I've just read the weather-forecast in