21 Posfai A. et al. Metabolic trade-offs promote diversity in a model ecosystem. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2017; 118: 028103.
Глава 10. Восприятие масштаба
1 Темы этой главы развиваются в таких увлекательных книгах, как Vogel S. Life's Devices: The Physical World of Animals and Plants. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988; Schmidt-Nielsen K. How Animals Work. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1972; Haldane J. B. S. On Being the Right Size and Other Essays. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1985.
2 O'Connor J. J., Robertson E. F. Osborne Reynolds – biography. Maths History. 2003 (https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Reynolds/).
3 Low Reynolds Number Flow на сайте Национального комитета фильмов по механике жидкостей, http://web.mit.edu/hml/ncfmf.html; а также https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51-6QCJTAjU (начиная с 13:40).
4 Prange H. D. The scaling and mechanics of arthropod exoskeletons // Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion / Pedley T. J. (ed.). London: Academic Press, 1997.
5 Tenney S. M., Remmer J. E. Comparative quantitative morphology of the mammalian lung: Diffusing area. Nature. 1963; 197: 54–56.
6 McMahon T. A., Bonner J. T. On Size and Life. NY: Scientific American Library, 1983.
7 Cooper M. The elephant in the room. Oregon Quarterly. 2014; Spring 2014: 34–38; Lynn C. The time Tusko the elephant was abandoned at the Oregon State Fair. Salem Statesman Journal. 2017; August 25.
8 Vogel S. Life's Devices: The Physical World of Animals and Plants.
Глава 11. Жизнь на поверхности
1 Klowden M. J. Physiological Systems in Insects. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2010.
2 Than K. Why giant bugs once roamed the earth. National Geographic. 2011; August 9 (https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/8/110808-ancient-insects-bugs-giants-oxygen-animals-science/).
3 Mlot N. J. et al. Fire ants self-assemble into waterproof rafts to survive floods. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2011; 108: 7669–7673.
4 Altman L. K. A Kennedy baby's life and death. New York Times. 2013; July 30 (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/30/health/a-kennedy-babys-life-and-death.html); Schraufnagel D. Breathing in America: Diseases, Progress, and Hope (1st ed.). NY: American Thoracic Society, 2010.
5 Clements J. A. Surface tension in the lungs. Scientific American. 1962; 207: 120–130; Clements J. A. Lung surfactant: A personal perspective. Annual Review of Physiology. 1997; 59: 1–21; Dobbs L. G. Pulmonary surfactant. Annu. Rev. Med. 1989; 40: 431–446.
Гдава 12. Загадки размера и формы
1 McMahon T. A., Bonner J. T. On Size and Life; Gazzola M. et al. Scaling macroscopic aquatic locomotion. Nat. Phys. 2014; 10: 758–761; Baumgart J., Friedrich B. M. Fluid dynamics: Swimming across scales. Nat. Phys. 2014; 10: 711–712; Willmer P. et al. Environmental Physiology of Animals. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004; Bale R. et al. Energy efficiency and allometry of movement of swimming and flying animals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2014; 111: 7517–7521; Hedrick T. L. et al. Wingbeat time and the scaling of passive rotational damping in flapping flight. Science. 2009; 324: 252–255.
2 Лэйн Н. Энергия, секс, самоубийство. Митохондрии и смысл жизни. СПб.: Питер, 2016.
3 Kleiber M. Body size and metabolism. Hilgardia. 1932; 6: 315–353.
4 White C. R., Seymour R. S. Mammalian basal metabolic rate is proportional to body mass2/3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2003; 100: 4046–4049.
5 Rubner M. Ueber den einfluss der korpergrosse auf stoffund kaftwechsel. Zeitschrift fur Biologie. 1883; 19: 535–562; McMahon T. A., Bonner J. T. On Size and Life. NY: Scientific American Library, 1983.
6 Dodds P. S. et al. Re-examination of the «¾-law» of metabolism. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2001; 209: 9–27.
7 Bennett P. M., Harvey P. H. Active and resting metabolism in birds: Allometry, phylogeny and ecology. Journal of Zoology. 1987; 213: 327–344.
8 West G. B. et al. A general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology. Science. 1997; 276: 122–126.
9 Dodds P. S. et al. Re-examination of the «¾-law» of metabolism. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2001; 209: 9–27; Etienne R. S. et al. Demystifying the West, Brown & Enquist model of the allometry of metabolism. Functional Ecology. 2006; 20: 394–399.
10 Banavar J. R. et al. Size and form in efficient transportation networks. Nature. 1999; 399: 130–132.
11 Лэйн Н. Энергия, секс, самоубийство; Darveau C.-A. et al. Allometric cascade as a unifying principle of body mass effects on metabolism. Nature. 2002; 417: 166–170.
12 Brown J. H. et al. Toward a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology. 2004; 85: 1771–1789.
13 Bettencourt L. M. A. et al. Growth, innovation, scaling, and the pace of life in cities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2007; 104: 7301–7306; Bettencourt L. M. A. The origins of scaling in cities. Science. 2013; 340: 1438–1441.
14 Shalizi C. R. Scaling and hierarchy in urban economies. arXiv. 2011 (http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.4101); Arcaute E. et al. Constructing cities, deconstructing scaling laws. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 2015; 12: 20140745.
15 Thommen A. et al. Body size-dependent energy storage causes Kleiber's law scaling of the metabolic rate in planarians. eLife. 2019; 8: e38187.
Глава 13. Как мы читаем ДНК
1 Shendure J. et al. DNA sequencing at 40: Past, present and future. Nature. 2017; 550: 345–353; Heather J. M., Chain B. The sequence of sequencers: The history of sequencing DNA. Genomics. 2016; 107: 1–8.
2 Muthukumar M. Theory of electrophoretic mobility of polyelectrolyte chains. Macromolecular Theory and Simulations. 1994; 3: 61–71; Viovy J.-L. Electrophoresis of DNA and other polyelectrolytes: Physical mechanisms. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2000; 72: 813–872.
3 О первом секвенировании генома человека: Carvalho T., Zhu T. The Human genome project (1990–2003). Embryo Project Encyclopedia. 2014 (http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/7829); International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. 2001; 409: 860–921; Venter J. C. et al. The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001; 291: 1304–1351. О завершении проекта «Геном человека»: Pennisi E. Reaching their goal early, sequencing labs celebrate. Science. 2003; 300: 409; Genome.gov, Human Genome Project FAQ (https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project/Completion-FAQ).
4 Mardis E. R. Next-generation DNA sequencing methods. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics. 2008; 9: 387–402; Metzker M. L. Sequencing technologies – the next generation. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2010; 11: 31–46.
5 Margulies M. et al. Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors. Nature. 2005; 437: 376–380; Nyren P. et al. Solid phase DNA minisequencing by an enzymatic luminometric inorganic pyrophosphate detection assay. Analytical Biochemistry. 1993; 208: 171–175.
6 Davies K. The $ 1,000 Genome: The Revolution in DNA Sequencing and the New Era of Personalized Medicine. NY: Free Press, 2010.
