planning
planned
rub
b ^ bb
rubbing
rubbed
big
g ^ gg
bigger
biggest
wet
t ^ tt
wetter
wettest
thin
n ^ nn
thinner
thinnest
If the word has more than one syllable (prefer, begin etc.), we double the consonant at the end only
остановиться
p ^ стр
остановка
остановленный
план
n ^ nn
планирование
запланированный
тереться
b ^ bb
протирка
протертый
большой
g ^ строительное стекло
больше
самый большой
влажный
t ^ tt
более влажный
самый влажный
тонкий
n ^ nn
разбавитель
самый тонкий
Если у слова есть больше чем один слог (предпочтите, начните и т.д.), мы удваиваем согласный в конце только
if the final syllable is stressed:
если заключительный слог подчеркнут:
preFER / preferring / preferred
предпочтите / предпочтение / предпочтенный
reGRET / regretting / regretted
СОЖАЛЕЙТЕ / сожаление / сожалело
If the final syllable is not stressed, we do not double the final consonant:
Если заключительный слог не подчеркнут, мы не удваиваем заключительный согласный:
VISit / visiting / visited
ПОСЕТИТЕ / посещающий / посещаемый
HAPpen / happening / happened
Произойдите / происходящий / произошел
In British English, verbs ending in -l have -ll- before -ing and -ed whether the final syllable is stressed or not:
На британском варианте английского языка у глаголов, заканчивающихся в-l, есть-ll-прежде - луг и - редактор, подчеркнут ли заключительный слог или нет:
travel / travelling / travelled
путешествуйте / едущий / поехал
For American spelling, see Appendix 7.
Для американского правописания см. Приложение 7.
Note that
Отметьте это
we do not double the final consonant if the word ends in two consonants (-rt, -lp, -ng etc.): start / starting / started
мы не удваиваем заключительный согласный, если слово заканчивается в двух согласных (-rt, - LP, - ng и т.д.): начните / начинающийся / начался
we do not double the final consonant if there are two vowel letters before it (-oil, -eed etc.): boil / boiling / boiled
мы не удваиваем заключительный согласный, если есть два письма о гласном перед ним (-нефть,-eed и т.д.): вскипите / кипящий / вскипяченный
cheap / cheaper / cheapest
дешевый / более дешевый / самый дешевый
we do not double y or w at the end of words. (At the end of words y and w are not consonants.) stay / staying / stayed
мы не удваиваем y или w в конце слов. (В конце Word y и w не согласные.) остаются / остающийся / остался
Appendix 7
Приложение 7
American English
Американский вариант английского языка
There are a few grammatical differences between British English and American English:
Есть несколько грамматических различий между британским вариантом английского языка и американским вариантом английского языка:
Unit
7A-B,
7D and
13A
BRITISH
The present perfect or past simple can be used for new or recent happenings. The present perfect is more common:
□ I’ve lost my key. Have you seen it?
(or I lost my key. Did you see it?)
0 Sally isn't here. She’s gone out.
The present perfect or past simple can be used with just, already and yet.
The present perfect is more common:
0 I'm not hungry. I’ve just had lunch.
(or I just had lunch.)
□ A: What time is Mark leaving?
B: He’s already left.
□ Have you finished your work yet?
AMERICAN
The present perfect or past simple can be used for new or recent happenings. The past simple is more common:
0 I lost my key. Did you see it?
(or I’ve lost my key. Have you seen it?) □ Sally isn't here. She went out.
The present perfect or past simple can be used with just, already and yet.
The past simple is more common:
0 I'm not hungry. I just had lunch.
(or I’ve just had lunch.)
□ A: What time is Mark leaving?
B: He already left.
O Did you finish your work yet?
17C
British speakers usually say: have a bath have a shower
have a break have a holiday
American speakers say: take a bath take a shower
take a break take a vacation
21D
and 22D
Will or shall can be used with I/we:
□ I will/shall be late this evening.
Shall I... ? and shall we ... ? are used to ask for advice etc. :
0 Which way shall we go?
Shall is unusual:
0 I will be late this evening.
Should I... ? and should we ... ? are more usual to ask for advice etc. :
0 Which way should we go?
28
British speakers use can’t to say they believe something is not probable:
□ Sarah hasn't contacted me. She can’t have got my message.
American speakers use must not in this situation:
0 Sarah hasn't contacted me. She must not have gotten my message.
32
You can use needn’t or don’t need to:
□ We needn’t hurry.
or We don’t need to hurry.
Needn’t is unusual. The usual form is don’t need to:
O We don’t need to hurry.
34A-B
After insist, demand etc. you can use should: 0 I insisted that he should apologise.
0 Many people are demanding that something should be done about the problem.
The subjunctive is normally used. Should is unusual after insist, demand etc. :
