4. "Whether not early to be the Cook, the young man?" "We don't accord with Cook ...". In a rank of Ferdinand Magellan, Juan Sebastian del Cano, Francis Drake and other circumnavigators.
"After discovery of America (Columbus, 1492) and a sea way to India (Vasco da Gama, 1498), the most important geographical event of an era of great opening is the first global cruise made by Ferdinand Magellan. (...) The global cruise, the second after Magellan, has been made by the English privateer Francis Drake (1577-80). (...) During the second half of 18 century there are 8 round-the-world floatings: the English expedition of John Byron (1764-66) - the first global cruise undertaken for the scientific purposes; Wallis and Carteret's English expedition (1766-69); considerable French geographical expedition of Bougainville (1766-69); three round-the-world swimmings of James Cook; tragically terminated Laperouse's swimming; expedition of Vancouver (1790-92). In the first half of the 19th century 6 Russians of round-the-world expeditions are equipped: Kruzenshtern (1803-06) ..." [12].
"We don't accord with Cook ..." [8].
"The round-the-world expedition made a lot of noise at first," - Chichagov wrote to the envoy in London S.R. Vorontsov. - All the expeditions, ever made in the world till this moment, are presented in this one, without excluding also the Egyptian expedition of Bonaparte, which in comparison with this one is just children's game. Because that had with himself scientists, philosophers, and here one authorized Lisyansky and several pupils of one of our special schools replace with themselves all". S.R. Vorontsov answered in tone to the correspondent that visited him recently Lisyansky - no more as frivolous and excessively self-confident person. His name (certainly, as well as a name of Kruzenshtern) won't be entered in one list with a name of Cook ..." [1].
"Not my fault if to me there are such wonders ... It is because I like to travel and eternally I look for adventures, and you stay at home and you see nothing, except four walls of the room" (Rudolf Erich Raspe. 'The Adventures of Baron Munchausen').
5.Non-stop Seafarer Yu. F. Lisyansky. Between Drake and Blyth
Among the complex ocean voyages are both as circumnavigations (round-the-world voyages), and so sufficiently long-distance non-stop (without visiting ports) voyages.
Non-stop long-distance navigation is an excellent test of marine art.
Of course, the selection of non-stop floats as a separate kind (or class) is relatively arbitrary. Any swimming is in some sense non-stop. The basis for the application of such a term arises when a special goal is set: to pass a maximum, unusually long, distance without visiting the port (without berthing).
To the non-stop navigators, probably, can be attributed and Francis Drake, and Yu. F. Lisyansky, and (no doubt) Chay Blyth.
Chay Blyth in 1970-1971 carried out simultaneously and round-the-world, and non-stop solo voyage on the yacht "British steel".
"The commander of "Neva" spends five days after separation from "Hope" in meditation. He remembers the story of seafaring since the time of Magellan, all round-the-world voyages of Spaniards, British, rather recent float of the Frenchman of Bougainville.
No, any of them hasn't made continuous floating from east part of the Indian Ocean to coast of Europe. James Cook glorified Britain with two round-the-world voyages, Vancouver - a voyage across the Great Ocean, the French have made one voyage around the world. And in general, he does not remember that any of the sailors decided to float from Canton to England without stopping.
'Than worse we, Russians?' - the Captain-Lieutenant Lisyansky is set a question to himself. - "Really we will miss the chance? And when it will falls out?" Besides, how many times did Lisyansky face court nobles and naval officers, who are treated with disdain and skepticism towards the skill and training of Russian sailors. Such as the brothers Counts Vorontsov, their friend Admiral Pavel Chichagov, which is obliged to care for the fleet. It is necessary to prove by an example to them, what Russian sailors are capable of. The main thing is that Lisyansky considers it his first duty "to deliver honor and glory to the Russian flag" [2].
"Over 140 days the Neva passed without calling at any port and without anchor parking of 13923 miles. Usually, for such long voyages, seafarers prepare in advance and for more than one a month, carefully equip the ships, storing up provisions and water, and select the crew. When swimming "Neva" such training was not. The more important is the success and merit of the commander and his subordinates.
The long unprecedented transition of Russian sailors speaks of the excellent naval training of the commander and the entire crew. The voyage showed the knowledge, skill and responsibility of Lisyansky for the task entrusted. After leaving Canton, he did not anticipate such a test, but, as always, scrupulously prepared "Neva" to go to sea; "Neva" has already overcome 30,000 miles of navigation in stormy conditions and bad weather. Three and a half months the crew was in isolation from the coast - and no any complaint from the administrative board of the ship, no any discontent and complaints of subordinates.
Is this not an example of steadfastness and courage of Russian seafarers making the first round-the-world voyage ?!
"Thus, we have completed a very long voyage straight from the Canton, without entering into the ports. At the same time, the people on my ship were perfectly healthy and did not tolerate the slightest disadvantage," - the commander marked. In the morning he moved out to the shore, and he was warmly accepted by the Governor George Prevost. The next day all the newspapers reported on the first Russian circumnavigation. On the ship tumbled down crowds of curious British" [2].
I will mark that Francis Drake during a global cruise, having finished "phase of enrichment", after shock of the ship about the rock near Java Island (approximately January 9-10, 1580) was stimulated to throw out overboard the considerable number of loads including fighting supplies. Perhaps, among the loads thrown overboard there were also cannons. Drake managed to get off from the rock. Then after a stop in Java, with partly unarmed ship Drake proceeded to Plymouth, trying not to stop and not to meet with the ships.
Drake nevertheless has stopped near the African coast for search of (potable) water.
Doesn't raise doubts, that Yu. F. Lisyansky was familiar with the history of a global cruise of Francis Drake which has been carried out in 1577-1580.
'Neva' followed to England, having passed near coast of Java.
Thus, Yu. F. Lisyansky partly repeated both the trajectory and the format (if possible, of the non-stop - after leaving the Java - navigation) of Francis Drake.