38. Stalin, Instead of a Reply to the Discussion, Works, vol. 13, p. 404.

39. Stalin, Report, op. cit. , pp. 405--406.

40. Ibid. , p. 207.

41. Ibid. , pp. 95, 111-112, 115--116.

42. Ibid. , p. 119; p. 245, n. 20.

43. Ibid. , pp. 119--120.

44. Leon Trotsky, Are There No Limits to the Fall? A Summary of the Thirteenth Plenum of the Executive Committee of the Communist International (18 January 1934). Writings of Leon Trotsky (New York: Pathfinder Press, 1973), vol. 6, p. 210.

45. Ibid. , p. 215.

46. Leon Trotsky, Que signifie la capitulation de Rakovsky? (31 March 1934). La lutte, pp. 59--60.

47. Trotsky, Are There No Limits to the Fall?, p. 212.

48. Ibid. , p. 216.

49. Ibid. , p. 217.

50. Ibid. , p. 211.

51. Trotsky, On the Eve of the Seventeenth Congress (20 January 1934). Writings, vol. 6, pp. 223-224.

52. Trotsky, The Stalinist Bureaucracy and the Kirov Assassination: A Reply to Friends in America (28 December 1934). Writings, vol. 7, p. 116.

53. Nikita S. Khrushchev. The Crimes of the Stalin Era: Special Report to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Secret Report). The New Leader (New York), 1957, p. S32.

54. Trotsky, The Stalinist Bureaucracy and the Kirov Assassination, p. 117.

55. Ibid. , pp. 121--122.

56. Leon Trotsky, Pour sa propre sauvegarde, la bureaucratie entretient la terreur (26 September 1935). L»appareil policier du stalinisme (Paris: Union generale d»editions, 1976), pp. 85--87.

57. Getty, op. cit. , p. 123.

58. Tokaev, op. cit. , pp. 60--61.

59. Getty, op. cit. , pp. 121--122.

60. John D. Littlepage and Demaree Bess, In Search of Soviet Gold (London: George E. Harrap & Co., 1939), pp. 188-189.

61. Ibid. , pp. 89--94.

62. Ibid. , pp. 97--101.

63. Khrushchev, Secret Report, op. cit. , p. S32.

64. Littlepage and Bess, op. cit. , pp. 106--107.

65. Ibid. , p. 111.

66. Ibid. , pp. 112--114.

67. Ibid. , pp. 274--275.

68. Ibid. , pp. 95--96.

69. People»s Commissariat of Justice of the U.S.S.R. Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyite Centre (Moscow, 1937), pp. 21--27.

70. Littlepage and Bess, op. cit. , p. 102.

71. Scott, op. cit. , p. 184.

72. Ibid. , pp. 188--189.

73. Stalin, Report and Speech in Reply to Debate at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U., p. 241.

74. Ibid. , p. 264.

75. Khrushchev, op. cit. , p. S24.

76. Stalin, op. cit. , p. 278.

77. Ibid. , p. 280.

78. Ibid. , pp. 279--280.

79. Ibid. , p. 296.

80. Ibid. , p. 294.

81. Ibid. , pp. 292--293.

82. Ibid. , pp. 282--283.

83. Stephen F. Cohen. Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography, 1888--1938 (New York: Vintage Books, 1975), p. 343.

84. Nouvelles de Moscou 21, 27 May 1990.

85. People»s Commissariat of Justice of the U.S.S.R. Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet ««Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites»» (Moscow, 1938), p. 390.

86. Cohen, op. cit. , p. 352.

87. Ibid. , p. 355.

88. Ibid. , p. 356.

89. Ibid. , p. 354.

90. Ibid. , p. 362.

91. Ibid. , pp. 361, 363.

92. Yannick Blanc and David Kaisergruber, L»affaire Boukharine ou Le recours de la memoire (Paris: Francois Maspero, 1979), p. 64.

93. Ibid. , p. 79.

94. Ibid. , p. 65.

95. Ibid. , p. 64.

96. Ibid. , pp. 64--65.

97. Cohen, op. cit. , p. 365.

98. Blanc and Kaisergruber, op. cit. , p. 72.

99. Ibid. , pp. 75--76.

100. Ibid. , pp. 72--73.

101. Ibid. , p. 76.

102. Tokaev, op. cit. , p. 43.

103. Ibid. , p. 61.

104. Ibid. , p. 86.

105. Court Proceedings ... ««Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites»», op. cit. , pp. 377--378.

106. Tokaev, op. cit. , p. 159.

107. Ibid. , pp. 68--69.

108. Ibid. , p. 85.

109. Ibid. , pp. 174--175.

110. Ibid. , p. 187.

111. Ibid. , p. 188.

112. Joseph E. Davies, Mission to Moscow, (New York: Garden City Publishing Co., 1943), p. 163.

113. Tokaev, p. 96.

114. Ibid.

115. Ibid. , p. 98.

116. Court Proceedings ... ««Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites»», , op. cit. , p. 429.

117. Ibid. , pp. 432--433.

118. Cohen, op. cit. , p. 372.

119. Ibid. , pp. 375--376.

120. Court Proceedings ... ««Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites»», , op. cit. , pp. 380--381.

121. Ibid. , p. 381.

122. Ibid. , p. 382.

123. Ibid. , p. 386.

124. Ibid.

125. Ibid. , pp. 387--388.

126. Ibid. , p. 388.

127. Ibid. , pp. 388--389.

128. Ibid. , pp. 390--391.

129. Ibid. , p. 391.

130. Ibid. , p. 393.

131. Ibid. , p. 419.

132. Ibid. , p. 425.

133. Ibid. , p. 430.

134. Ibid. , pp. 431--432.

135. Ibid. , pp. 776--779.

136. Cohen, op. cit. , p. 381.

137. Ibid. , p. 382.

138. Ken Coates, The Case of Nikolai Bukharin (Nottingham: Spokesman, 1978).

139. Blanc and Kaisergruber, op. cit. , pp. 11, 16.

140. Cohen, op. cit. , p. 384.

141. Ibid. , p. 386.

142. Getty, op. cit. , p. 167.

143. Carr, op. cit. , p. 325.

144. Ibid. , p. 327.

145. Ibid. , p. 320.

146. Ibid. , p. 331.

147. Ibid. , p. 317.

148. Getty, op. cit. , p. 255, n. 84.

149. Alexander Werth, quoted in Harpal Brar, Perestroika: The Complete Collapse of Revisionism (London: Harpal Brar, 1992), p. 161.

150. Joseph Davies, op. cit. , p. 99.

151. Ibid. , p. 103.

152. Alexander Uralov (Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov), The Reign of Stalin (Westport, Conn.: Hyperion Press, p. 1975), p. 50.

153. Robert Coulondre, De Staline a Hitler: Souvenirs de deux ambassades, 1936--1939 (Paris: Hachette, 1950), pp. 182--184.

154. Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War: The Gathering Storm (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), pp. 288--289.

155. I. Deutscher, Stalin: A Political Biography, second edition (London: Oxford University Press, 1967), p. 379.

156. Ibid. , p. x, n. 1.

157. Louise Narvaez, Degrelle m»a dit, Postface by Degrelle (Brussels: Editions du Baucens, 1977), pp. 360--361.

158. J. Gobbels, Tagebucher aus den Jahren 1942--1943, (Zurich, 1948), p. 322. Quoted in Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, La seconde guerre mondiale: caracteres fondamentaux de la politique et de la strategie, vol. 1, pp. 213--214.

159. F. Chueva, Sto sorok besed s MOLOTOVYM (One hundred forty conversations with Molotov) (Moscow: Terra, 1991), p. 413.

160. Roman Kolkowicz, The Soviet Military and the Communist Party (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1967), pp. 343--344.

161. Ibid. , p. 344.

162. E. H. Cookridge, Gehlen: Spy of the Century (New York: Random House, 1972), pp. 57--58.

163. Vlasov and Vlasovites. New Times 44 (1990), pp. 36--40.

164. Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago, 1918--1956. An Experiment in Literary Investigation I--II (New York: Harper & Row, 1974), p. 253, note.

165. A. M. Vasilevsky, A Lifelong Cause (Moscow: Progress, 1973), pp. 139--141.

166. Solzhenitsyn, op. cit. , p. 255.

167. Ibid. , pp. 258--259.

168. Ibid. , p. 261.

169. Ibid. , pp. 256--257.

170. Tokaev, op. cit. , pp. 83--84.

171. Ibid. , p. 1.

172. Ibid. , p. 5.

173. Ibid. , p. 220.

174. Ibid. , p. 75.

175. Ibid. , p. 8.

176. Ibid. , p. 45.

177. Ibid. , p. 15.

178. Ibid. , p. 21.

179. Ibid. , p. 160.

180. Ibid. , p. 17.

181. Ibid. , p. 189.

182. Ibid. , p. 274.

183. Ibid. , p. 17.

184. Ibid. , p. 6.

185. Ibid. , p. 118.

186. Ibid. , p. 22.

187. Ibid. , p. 215.

188. Ibid. , p. 28.

189. Ibid. , pp. 9, 47.

190. Ibid. , p. 84.

191. Ibid. , pp. 74--75.