С другой стороны, Кемпфер благодаря занимаемой должности секретаря посольства стоял близко к персидскому двору и имел возможность получать информацию о прошедших событиях из первых рук. Поэтому все сведения Кемпфера, касающиеся событий в Персии, значительно точнее, чем данные о действиях восставших в России. Однако неверные сведения о России не могут ввести исследователя в заблуждение, поскольку касаются широкоизвестных и достоверно установленных фактов.
Записки Кемпфера состоят из двух неравноценных частей: рассказа самого автора и изложения им показаний пленного казака из отряда Разина. Вторая часть несравненно достовернее и содержательнее первой.
При издании английского текста за основу взят текст, написанный чернилами, так как правка карандашом имеет черновой, предварительный характер и не всегда согласовывается с основным текстом; часть карандашной правки стерлась от времени и почти не читается. Карандашная правка оговаривается в подстрочных примечаниях; при исправлении очевидных ошибок правка оставляется в тексте и также оговаривается в подстрочных примечаниях. Все особенности английской орфографии того времени сохраняются; из них оговариваются в подстрочных примечаниях только те, понимание которых может быть затруднено (например, Battel вместо Battle).
В русском переводе архаическое написание слов английского текста и большая часть его редакционной правки, естественно, не могли получить отражения. Особенностью перевода на русский язык было употребление ряда слов не в их распространенном, главном значении, а применительно к содержанию текста: так, the king переводится как «шах», а не «король»; general — «главный военачальник», «полководец»;governour — «наместник»; ducat — «золотой» и т. д. Дословный перевод здесь был бы неверен. Подобные случаи не оговариваются в подстрочных примечаниях. Перевод давался максимально близким к английскому тексту.
Рукопись подготовлена к печати старшим научным сотрудником ЦГАДА Е. А. Швецовой. Воспроизведение и перевод текста сделаны совместно с сотрудником кафедры английского языка Института международных отношений А. Д. Гачечиладзе. Публикаторы сожалеют, что безвременная кончина В. Н. Шумилова помешала ему принять участие в издании найденных им записок.
Е. KÄMPFER. ЗАПИСКИ О ПЕРСИДСКОМ ПОХОДЕ С. РАЗИНА[255]
FROM KÄMPFER'S MANUSCRIPTS IN THE HANDS OF SIR HANS SLOANE TRANSLATED AND TO BE PUBLISHED By Dr. MORTIMER
Highdatch[256]
Confer.[257] Kampferi Ex Amoenitates Exoticas pag. 58.
I shall here take notice, that the people called Khazak[258] are quite different from the true Khosaaks, that they are of Turkish original and of the Mahometan Belief, and inhabit a Country near[259] or underrTurkestaan; though it is true that both of them[260] at the beginning[261] participated of the same origin as well as of a name in common between them. The Cossackes, who caused the disorders in the Silk Countries upon the Caspian Sea, were Subjects of Russia about the Don, Christians by Religion, speaking and writing the Russian Language, and governed by a Chief whom they stile Bojaar[262] and whose name was Stenko Radzin, who upon I know not what discontent at the Russian Governement, forsook his Country and began to act like a Rebel; he came down an Arm of the Wolga below Astracan with 800 men, and then sailing out into the Caspian See, landed between the River Aras and Kizilagaat in the District of Mokhan, where in the beginning of the Year 1667 he sollicited the King to grant him some Land for their maintenance and habitation, giving the strongest assurances, that they would behave like upright Sja — siwen,which in the Turkish Language is as much as to say, true to the Kings. Body or menial Servants of the King, and Loyal Subjects: and that he should always find them ready to defend and serve him. But at Court, where they looked upon these People as Robbers, as formerly they had known by experience, they would not trust them, yet would not (л. 1 об.) give them a flat denial, but kept them in suspence by a dilatory Answer. The Cossacks being impatient, coasted along the Strand of Gilaan with their Ships quite down to the District of Resjt, the Capital Town of that Province, where they set some men ashoor, and desired to buy provisions for their money, but the Governour refused them in a very disobliging manner which so irritated them, that they landed silently in the night, and marching up to Resjtby surprise, plundered the Market andBasars, when some were Killed in the fray, then they returned again to their Ships, well provided with Sustenance for which a little before they had offered money and they likewise kept their footing upon the firm Land. The[263] Governour not able to resist, much less to drive them away, and fearing greater ravages might ensue, dissembled his resentment of that Action, gave them fair words and let them have farther provisions for their money. They on the other hand excused their Conduct by reason of their extreme need and being refused the necessaries for life. They then Kept still and at last gave the Governour Hostages as Securities for their good behaviour. They sent 4 Embassadours to the King to make excuses for this Action, whereunto they were induced by the Governour; they repeated their first Petition for Land upon the Caspian Sea for their sustenance, with the strongest assurances of their faithfull service and Loyalty. They brought Letters which (л. 2) nobody was able to read: they were given to European Fathers and at alst to me: I found both the Language and Characters to be Russian. I did not translate them, and they remained untranslated (the Chevalier Chardin is under a Mistake when he says in his Account of the Coronation of Soliman, that they were in an unknown Character). But the Gourt was informed of their intention[264] by word of mouth by the Russians who understood the Turkish Tongue and whose mother tongue was the same with that of those Cossacks. The King ordered them to be well entertained and left at their Liberty, and sent one of them back again with good words and some hopes, giving Orders to the Governour of Resit to furnish them with all necessaries. In the mean time they were in hopes of getting a sufficient number of men together to surround them. But the Cossacks, seeing no positive Answer was returned but only fair words, perceived the snare, and observing that there was a small Army drawing together, took no notice of it to the Persians, but provided for their own security, and sett sail for[265] in,[266] as if they designed there to wait for an answer and the Return of their Embassadors, because it was a cheaper and more plentifull Place. At Ferrhabaad they made no scruple of admitting them, because they had behaved as well at Resit, and did not seem to have any ill design, as long as their Embassadours were at Court. Their Pockets were well lined with Ducats, which drew the People from the neighbouring parts in hopes of gain, so that the Basar and rest of the Town wTere (л. 2 об.) fuller of people than usual. The Cossacks, suspecting the Persians for detaining their Embassadours, so long, resolved to prevent them, and to take the Opportunity of a publick weekly Marketday. There was a great conflux of Buyers and Sellers, as well as other people[267] who were come[268] to divert them selves or[269] out of curiosity and hope of gain on account of the Cossacks. When the market was at its height, the Cossacks fell upon the people, plundering and stealing whatever was layd out for sale, stripping the people, Killing some and carrying others away with them to their Ships. Thus they got again what they had laid out besides a great deal more in money and Gold, and not content with this they ran to some of the King's Pleasure Hauses not far from the Town, which they plundered also and carried the Booty off to their Ships with which they sailed to the Peninsula Mijaan — Kaal, which joins by an Isthmus to the Province of Mezanderaan [a]cross which they drew a Line to cutt off all communication with the Continent, and so posted themselves here in defiance of the Persians.
