In 1877, Ruskin accused Whistler of flinging a pot of paint in the publics face. Was he right? After all, Whistler always denied that the true function of art was to represent anything. If a painting does not represent, what is it, other than mere paint, flung in the publics face? Whistlers answer was simple: painting is music or it is poetry.Georges Braque, half a century later, echoed Whistlers answer. So did Braques friends Apollinaire and Ponge. They presented their poetry as music too and as painting. But meanwhile, composers such as Satie and Stravinsky were presenting their own art music as if it transposed the values of painting or of poetry. The fundamental principle of this intermedial aesthetic, which bound together an extraordinary fraternity of artists in all media in Paris, from 1885 to 1945, was this: we must always think about the value of a work of art, not within the logic of its own medium, but as if it transposed the value of art in another medium. Peter Dayan traces the history of this principle: how it created our very notion of great art, why it declined as a vision from the 1960s and how, in the 21st century, it is fighting back.