But for this particular virus this immunity began to act in a very special way. Suddenly out of nowhere, there appeared a simple-looking task called “The Fermat’s Last Theorem” (FLT), which no one could prove despite the promised bonuses and honors. It simply scoffed at everyone who tried to find a solution regardless of whether it was an ambitious candidate for the prize or the greatest scientist. With the FLT many scientists were even afraid to deal in order not inadvertently to tarnish their reputation.
This fascinating game with a knowingly failure result dragged on centuries and in the end, everyone was so tormented that it was necessary somehow this problem try to close. Very serious people made a decision – the problem is to be solved and bonuses are to be paid. No sooner said than done. However, what happened next will be told in the next part of our work. But it will be only a preamble because in order to penetrate the essence of this amazing phenomenon we will have to come back in the past in some unusual way. And then as a result of our research, it will turns out that this task was solved long ago in the 17th century when Louis XIV the king sun began to rule in France and two Gascons faithfully served him, one of them is the well-known from novel A. Dumas is the royal musketeer Monsieur D'Artagnan and the other is his same age and countryman Senator from Toulouse Monsieur de Fermat.
The history did not preserve for us in writing everything that would be especially interesting to us, therefore, nothing remains, but to try to restore some events at that in a very unusual way what about we will also more tell. However, it is well known that this senator during his lifetime became famous for offering simple-looking arithmetic tasks to noble grandees, which for some reason no one could solve. But apparently, he didn't had time (or even perhaps he didn't want) to tell anyone about that wonderful and non-proven until now theorem therefore it is also often called the “the Fermat’s Last theorem”.
Especially curious is the fact that not a single piece of paper has been preserved from the manuscripts of his scientific works on arithmetic and even those that were published after his death. The only exceptions were letters collected from different respondents. This strange fact indicates that some amazing and even incredible course of events took place, which led to such a situation and the establishment of only this fact alone significantly changes the whole picture, which presented to researchers so far.
They even believed that Fermat could not have a proof of his Last theorem and justified it with all sorts of arguments. But then they needed to be consistent and insist that Fermat also could not solve all other his tasks since for his justification he has not left us any explanation. But if they were solved by such giants of science as, say, Euler or Gauss, well, then it is quite another thing and we could assume that Fermat also has solved them. But if even they failed, then science in no way cannot afford to trust words that look like bluster.
In our research we will go the other way and we will proceed from the fact that the proof of Fermat’s Last theorem, without any doubt, should have been written down on paper at least in a sketch version. But if this is so, then where could it have disappeared moreover along with all the other papers? The answer to this question can shed light on the healing of the above-mentioned misfortune, which led to the fact that for unknown reasons this very proof for as much as three and a half centuries has become not only an unsolvable problem, but also a real stumbling block for science.
The riddles that we now have to explore seem at first as an accidental collision of all kinds of large and small stories, but these seemingly intricate events have their own rather rigid logic. It so happened that Fermat’s life and activities coincided with a turning point in history when a slow and very painful transition to the Renaissance took place after a long period of terrifying oppression by the Inquisition, which did not tolerate advanced scientific thought and have organized in France mass destruction of Protestant-Huguenots by Catholics.
Taking into account this circumstance, it is possible to explain such facts and events that from the point of view of a later time look as very strange and not able to understand. In particular, it should be noted that in those times, especially for people of ignoble origin, it would be very dangerous to have at home even completely harmless notes with formulas and calculations that could be interpreted as a very dangerous for their owners’ recordings of heretical content.
Pierre's Father Dominique Fermat was a wealthy merchant, but did not have a noble title. In 1601 his son Pierre was born, about which there is an entry in the church book, but his mother Françoise Cazeneuve and her child died not having lived after giving birth to three years. If the child had survived, then without a noble origin, he would have no chance of becoming a senator let alone a great scholar. And when after the loss of his first wife, Dominique married Claire de Long having noble roots, then this ensured a very opportunity that the future celebrity would appear [16].
Pierre Simon de Fermat was born not in 1601 as it was believed until now, but in 1607 (or in 1608) [1] in the little town of Beaumont-de-Lomagne near Toulouse. From childhood he stood out for such talent that Dominique Fermat did not spare the funds for his education and sent him to study first in Toulouse (1620 – 1625) and then in Bordeaux and Orleans (1625–1631). Pierre did not only study well, but also showed brilliant abilities that together with his mother’s kinship and financial support from his father, gave him every opportunity to get a best education as a lawyer.
During his studies the young future Senator Pierre Fermat was very keen on reading scientific literature and was so inspired by the ideas of great thinkers that he also himself felt a desire for scientific creativity. In order to learn more about what particularly interested him, he had mastered five languages4 and read with enthusiasm the works from the classics of that time. As a result, he deservedly received the highest education that just was possible in those times and deep down he cherished the dream of being able to continue work in the field of science.
If the support of Pierre Fermat’s career had ended on that, then there could be no question of a future senator since in those times even simple lawyer activity demanded the highest royal deigning. From this it becomes clear why the decisive step in Pierre’s parental care was his marriage in 1631 to Louise de Long, who was a distant relative (the fourth cousin) of his mother. It is clear that such a decision could not be spontaneous especially since such kindred marriages could be concluded only with the permission of the Pope of Rome. And once again the Dominic Fermat's money solved this not simple problem.
Louise's father was an adviser to the Toulouse Parliament and being in the service of King Louis XIII, received a noble title, so Pierre had no problems with employment. But it would be a delusion to expect that also further everything will go on easily and smoothly. After the end of the study, marriage and the beginning of work, the reality seemed to Pierre as at all not so rosy. The gray days of the hustle and bustle of earning money for daily bread went day after day and did not leave any hopes to be engaged in science. And then it was still a very great good to have within the framework of lawyer activity the ability to support though not a luxurious, but still a well-off life in those difficult times for France.
A new danger for Pierre appeared unexpectedly. The next plague epidemic claimed the life of his father-in-law and this could have a very bad effect on his fate. However, by that time he had already managed to establish friendly relations with other senators what opened for him the way to parliament and as a result it made possible to turn the misfortune in his favor. With the help of a fair amount of money, he still managed to take the vacant position of an official in charge of receiving complaints in the cassation chamber of the Toulouse parliament.
