Ced — Scyl. — Georgii Gedrenis — Ioannis Scylitzae Compendium historiarum, Bonnae, 1838—39.
Const. Porph. AI. — Constantini Porphyrogeneti De administrando imperio, Budapest, 1949.
Const. Porph. BM — Constantini Porphyrogeneti De Basileo Macedono, Paris, XCVII.
Const. Porph. De cer. — Constantini Porphyrogeneti De ceremoniis libri duo, Bonnae, 1829.
Cont. Reg. — Continuator Reginonis Trevirensis, MGH, scriptores, 1925, t. I.
DOP — Dumbatron-Oaks Papers.
Ioan. Diac. — Ioannis Diaconi Chronicon venetum, MGH, scriptores, 1925, t. VII.
IOSPE : Inscriptiones Orae Septentrionalis Ponti Euxini.
Lamb. An. — Lamberti Annales, MGH, scriptores, 1925, t. I.
Leon. Diac. — Leonis Diaconi Historiae libri decem, Bonnae, 1828.
Liutpr. — Liutprandi episcopi Cremonensis Opera Omnia, Hannoverae, 1839.
MGH — Monumenta Germaniae Historiae.
Nic. Paph. — Nicetae Paphlagonis Vita st. Ignatii, PG, t. 105.
PA — Przegląd archeologiczny.
Pet. Dam. — Petris Damiani Vita st. Romualdi, PL, 1874, t. 144.
PH — Przeglad historyczny
Phot. Ep. — φοτιον επιστολαι,london, 1864.
PG. — Patrologia greca.
PL — Patrologia latina.
Scyl. — Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum, Berolini, 1973.
SEER — The Slavonis and East European Review.
Slov. Arch. — Slovenska Archeologia.
Spec. — Speculum.
Theoph. Cont. — Theophanis Continuatus, Bonnae, 1838.
Thit. Chron. — Thitmari Merseburgiensis Chronicon, MGH, scriptores (nova seria), 1935, t. IX.
Wiad. Arch. — Wiadomości archeologiczne.
Zon. — Ioannis Zonarae Epitome historiarum libri XIII—XVIII, Bonnae, 1897.