[by leaps and bounds]{adv. phr.} With long steps; very rapidly.
•/Production in the factory was increasing by leaps and bounds./ •/The
school enrollment was going up by leaps and bounds./
[by means of]{prep.} By the use of; with the help of. •/The
fisherman saved himself by means of a floating log./ •/By means of monthly
payments, people can buy more than in the past./
[by mistake]{adv. phr.} As the result of a mistake; through error.
•/He picked up the wrong hat by mistake./
[by no means] or [not by any means] also [by no manner of means] or
[not by any manner of means] {adv. phr.} Not even a little; certainly
not. •/He is by no means bright./ •/"May I stay home from school?" "By no
means."/ •/Dick worked on his project Saturday, but he is not finished yet,
by any means./ Contrast: BY ALL MEANS.
[B.Y.O.] (Abbreviation) {informal} Bring Your Own. Said of a kind of
party where the host or hostess does not provide the drinks or food but people
ring their own.
[B.Y.O.B.] (Abbreviation) {informal} Bring Your Own Bottle. Frequently
written on invitations for the kind of party where people bring their own
liquor.
[by oneself]{adv. phr.} 1. Without any others around; separate from
others; alone. •/The house stood by itself on a hill./ •/Tom liked to go
walking by himself./ •/Betty felt very sad and lonely by herself./ 2.
Without the help of anyone else; by your own work only. •/John built a flying
model airplane by himself./ •/Lois cleaned the house all by herself./
[by one’s own bootstraps] See: PULL ONE SELF UP BY THE BOOTSTRAPS.
[by storm] See: TAKE BY STORM.
[by surprise] See: TAKE BY SURPRISE.
[by the board] See: GO BY THE BOARD also PASS BY THE BOARD.
[by the bootstraps] See: PULL ONESELF UP BY THE BOOTSTRAPS.
[by the bye] See: BY THE WAY.
[by the dozen] or [by the hundred] or [by the thousand] {adv.
phr.} Very many at one time; in great numbers. •/Tommy ate cookies by the
down./ Often used in the plural, meaning even larger numbers. •/The ants
arrived at the picnic by the hundreds./ •/The enemy attacked the fort by
the thousands./
[by the horns] See: TAKE THE BULL BY THE HORNS.
[by the hundred] See: BY THE DOZEN.
[by the nose] See: LEAD BY THE NOSE.
[by the piece]{adv. phr.} Counted one piece at a time, separately for
each single piece. •/John bought boxes full of bags of potato chips and sold
them by the piece./ •/Mary made potholders and got paid by the piece./
[by the seat of one’s pants] See: FLY BY THE SEAT OF ONE’S PANTS.
[by the skin of one’s teeth]{adv. phr.} By a narrow margin; with no
room to spare; barely. •/The drowning man struggled, and I got him to land by
the skin of my teeth./ •/She passed English by the skin of her teeth./
Compare: SQUEAK THROUGH, WITHIN AN ACE OF or WITHIN AN INCH OF.
[by the sweat of one’s brow]{adv. phr.} By hard work; by tiring
effort; laboriously. •/Even with modern labor-saving machinery, the farmer
makes his living by the sweat of his brow./
[by the thousand] See: BY THE DOZEN.
[by the way] also [by the bye] {adv. phr.} Just as some added fact
or news; as something else that I think of. — Used to introduce something
related to the general subject, or brought to mind by it. •/We shall expect
you; by the way, dinner will be at eight./ •/I was reading when the
earthquake occurred, and, by the way, it was The Last Days of Pompeii that I
was reading./
[by the wayside] See: FALL BY THE WAYSIDE.
[by turns]{adv. phr.} First one and then another in a regular way; one
substituting for or following another according to a repeated plan. •/On the
drive to Chicago, the three men took the wheel by turns./ •/The teachers
were on duty by turns./ •/When John had a fever, he felt cold and hot by
turns./ Syn.: IN TURN. Compare: TAKE TURNS.
[by virtue of] also [in virtue of] {prep.} On the strength of;
because of; by reason of. •/By virtue of his high rank and position, the
President takes social leadership over almost everyone else./ •/Plastic
bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, by virtue of their clearness,
toughness, and low cost./ Compare: BY DINT OF.
[by way of]{prep.} 1. For the sake or purpose of; as. •/By way of
example, he described his own experience./ 2. Through; by a route including;
via. •/He went from New York to San Francisco by way of Chicago./
[by word of mouth]{adv. phr.} From person to person by the spoken
word; orally. •/The news got around by word of mouth./ •/The message
reached him quietly by word of mouth./
C
[cahoots] See: IN LEAGUE WITH or IN CAHOOTS WITH.
[Cain] See: RAISE CAIN.
[cake] See: EAT-ONE’S CAKE AND HAVE IT TOO, PAT-A-CAKE, TAKE THE CAKE.
[calculated risk]{n.} An action that may fail but is judged more
likely to succeed. •/The sending of troops to the rebellious island was a
calculated risk./
[calf love] See: PUPPY LOVE.
[call] See: AT CALL, AT ONE’S BECK AND CALL, CLOSE CALL, ON CALL, PORT OF
CALL, POT CALLS THE KETTLE BLACK, WITHIN CALL.
[call a halt]{v. phr.} To give a command to stop. •/The scouts were
tired during the hike, and the scoutmaster called a halt./ •/When the
children’s play, got too noisy, their mother called a halt./
[call a spade a spade]{v. phr.} To call a person or thing a name that
is true but not polite; speak bluntly; use the plainest language. •/A boy
took some money from Dick’s desk and said he borrowed it, but I told him he
stole it; I believe in calling a spade a spade./
[call down] also [dress down] {v.}, {informal} To scold.
•/Jim was called down by his teacher for being late to class./ •/Mother
called Bob down for walking into the kitchen with muddy boots./ Compare: CALL
ON THE CARPET, CHEW OUT, BAWL OUT, READ THE RIOT ACT.
[call for]{v.} 1. To come or go to get (someone or something).
•/John called for Mary to take her to the dance./ Syn.: PICK UP. 2. To
need; require. •/The cake recipe calls for two cups of flour./ •/Success
in school calls for much hard study./
[call girl]{n.}, {slang} A prostitute catering to wealthy
clientele, especially one who is contacted by telephone for an appointment.
•/Rush Street is full of call girls./
[calling down] also [dressing down] {n. phr.}, {informal} A
scolding; reprimand. •/The judge gave the boy a calling down for speeding./
[call in question] or [call into question] or [call in doubt] {v.
phr.} To say (something) may be a mistake; express doubt about; question.
•/Bill called in question Ed’s remark that basketball is safer than
football./
[call it a day]{v. phr.} To declare that a given day’s work has been
accomplished and go home; to quit for the day. •/"Let’s call it a day," the
boss said, "and go out for a drink."/ •/It was nearly midnight, so Mrs.
Byron decided to call it a day, and left the party, and went home./ •/The
four golfers played nine holes and then called it a day./ Compare: CLOSE UP
SHOP.