Nanofibres are defined as fibres with diameters on the order of 100 nanometres. They can be produced by interfacial polymerisation and electrospinning. Nanofibres are included in garments, insulation and in energy storage. They are also used in medical applications, which include drug and gene delivery, artificial blood vessels, artificial organs and medical facemasks. This book presents some fascinating phenomena associated with the remarkable features of nanofibres in electrospinning processes and new progress in applications of electrospun nanofibres. It also provides an overview of structure-property relationships, synthesis and purification, and potential applications of electrospun nanofibres. The collection of topics in this book aims to reflect the diversity of recent advances in electrospun nanofibres with a broad perspective which may be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and engineers.