Over the past two decades percolation theory has been used to explain and model a wide variety of phenomena that are of industrial and scientific importance. Examples include characterization of porous materials and reservoir rocks, fracture patterns and earthquakes in rocks, calculation of effective transport properties of porous media permeability, conductivity, diffusivity, etc., groundwater flow, polymerization and gelation, biological evolution, galactic formation in the universe, spread of knowledge, and many others. Most of such applications have resulted in qualitative as well as quantitative predictions for the system of interest. This book attempts to describe in simple terms some of these applications, outline the results obtained so far, and provide further references for future reading.