but best known throughout the world is the one flowing into the Severn. On its banks, in Stradford-on-Avon, the greatest English
poet William Shakespeare (1564 -1616) was born and spent his youth.
Memory Work
The sea is calm to-night,
The tide is full, the moon lies fair
Upon the Straits; — on the French coast, the light
Gleams, and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,
Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.
Come to the window, sweet is the night air!
Only, from the long tine of spray
Where the ebb meets the moon-blanch'd sand,
Listen! you hear the grating roar
Of pebbles which the waves suck back, and fling,
At their return, up the high strand,
Begin, and cease, and then again begin,
With tremulous cadence slow, and bring
The eternal note of sadness in.
(From "Dover Beach" by Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)
VOCABULARY NOTES
1. vary υt/i 1. менять(ся); изменять(ся); разнообразить, е.g. Market prices often vary. I try
to vary my diet.
Syn. change
2. разниться, расходиться, е.g. Our opinions vary.
Syn. differ
Note: vary is to change or differ partially.
variant n вариант, е.g. This word has two spelling variants.
various adj (a noun in the singular is never used after it)
1. различный, разный, е.g. There are various reasons for my refusal.
2. разнообразный, е.g. I'll give you various exercises on that rule.
Syn. different, е.g. They are quite different people.
varied adj разнообразный (used with nouns both sing, and pi.), е.g. varied climate, scenery,
surface, temperature, opinions, sports, etc., е.g. The novel describes the varied career of an
adventurer.
variety n 1. разнообразие, е.g. You must have more variety in your food.
2. разновидность; вид, е.g. I've got some rare varieties of such stamps. There are some rare
varieties of leaf-bearing trees in the park.
variety-show варьете, эстрадный концерт
2. scene n 1. сцена, явление (в пьесе), е.g. The duel scene in "Hamlet" impressed us
greatly. Her acting was wonderful in the last scene.
2. место действия (в пьесе, в книге, в жизни), е.g. In the first act the scene is laid in
France. Trafalgar was the scene of a famous battle between the British fleet and the combined
French and Spanish fleets.
3. пейзаж, картина, зрелище, е.g. I like the way this writer describes rural scenes. You
could see awful scenes after the earthquake.
scenery n (uncountable) 1. декорация, е.g. The scenery was impressive in the last act. They
have almost no scenery in that play.; 2. пейзаж, ландшафт, е.g. I prefer plains to mountain scenery.
I looked out of the window enjoying the scenery.
3. shallow adj 1. мелкий, as shallow water, a shallow dish
Ant. deep
2. поверхностный, пустой; несерьезный, as a shallow mind, argument; shallow interests; a
shallow man, person
Ant. serious (about a person, book, argument), deep (love, feelings)
Note: the Russian word мелкий has different meanings which are rendered in English by
means of different words: 1) fine — состоящий из мелких частей, as fine sand, buckwheat, 2)
small — некрупный (о достоинстве монет), as small change (uncountable)', 3) flat —
неглубокий, почти плоский, as a flat pan (plate).
4. extreme adj 1. крайний (at or near the end or edge), as the extreme end (edge, border,
etc.), in the extreme North
2. чрезвычайный; чрезмерный, as extreme patience (love, kindness, interest)
extremely adv чрезвычайно, as to be extremely interested in smth., to be extremely sorry
for smb., smth., etc.
5. supply υt снабжать, е.g. In our hall the students are supplied with all the necessary
furniture and bedding. Who will supply the expedition with all the necessary equipment?
supply n (often pl) запас(ы), е.g. This shop has a large supply of winter coats.
to give a good supply of, е.g. These forests give a good supply of timber.
6. shape n форма, очертание, е.g. I don't like the shape of his nose. This sculpture hasn't
got much shape, I should say.
Syn. form, outline
in the shape of, е.g. I want to get a brooch in the shape of a horseshoe.
shapeless adj бесформенный, е.g. He had a ragged coat and a shapeless hat on.
shapely adj красивой формы; стройный, хорошо сложенный, as a shapely figure
7. channel n канал, a stretch of water wider than a strait, joining two seas or separating two
bodies of land, as the English Channel, the Bristol Channel
Syn. 1. ca'nal канал — a channel for water made by man, not by nature, used for ships or for
carrying water to places that need it, as the Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, the Volga-Don Canal, the
Fergana Canal; 2. strait пролив — a narrow channel of water connecting two large bodies of water,
as the Magellan Strait, the Strait of Dover
8. value n ценность, значение, е.g. The literary value of that book is not great. I don't
believe you realize the value of his advice.
to be of great (little, some, no) value to smb., е.g. In some years his pictures will be of great
value. This book will be of no value in your studies.
value υt 1. ценить, дорожить, е.g. I greatly value his friendship.
Syn. appreciate (о)ценить высоко, по заслугам, е.g. We all appreciate a holiday after a
year of hard work. I greatly appreciate your kindness.
2. оценивать, е.g. He valued the house for me at £ 800.
valuable adj ценный, е.g. It's a valuable picture.
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (I)
Words
advantage n
flow υ
shapely adj
canal n
harbour n
soil n
channel n
lonely adj
strait n
cliff n
manufacture n
supply υ
comparatively adv
plain n
valuable adj
crop n
plough υ
value υ, n
cultivate υ
rocky adj
varied adj
deer n
scene n
variety n
distinct adj
scenery n
various adj
eagle n
shallow adj
vary v
extreme adj
shape n
wander υ
extremely adv
shapeless adj
wheat n
Word Combinations
to the west (east, north; south) of
in the north (south, east, west)
within a few miles (metres, etc.) of
to separate smth. from smth.
to keep smth. from (cold,
regular in outline
heat, bad influence, etc.)
under wheat (rye, etc.)
on the map
to flow into (the sea, lake, river)
to give a good supply of
owing to the shape (rain, etc.)
to flow (from, out of)
to be of great (little, some, no) value
EXERCISES
