cook meat (veal, pork), fowl (chicken, turkey), etc.
To stew means "to cook by slow boiling in a closed pan with little water." In this way meat
may be cooked, also vegetables, fruit, etc.
4. Starter (pl -s) is a dish served before or at the beginning of a meal (it may be salad, fish,
olives, soup, fruit juice, etc.) Hors d'oeuvre (pl -s) is usually used on menucards.
5. Omelette is eggs beaten together with milk and fried or baked in a pan. The English for
яичница is "fried eggs". We eat fried eggs, soft-boiled eggs, hard-boiled eggs, scrambled eggs,
poached eggs, four-minute boiled eggs.
6. Porridge is a dish of oatmeal or other meal (buckwheat, semolina, millet, etc.) boiled in
some water. Milk and sugar or milk and salt are added to it.
7. Toast is sliced bread made brown and crisp on the outside by heating in a toaster. Toast is
placed on a toastrack.
8. Chips are fried pieces of potato, often eaten with fried fish.
9. Soft and strong drinks прохладительные и крепкие напитки.
Soft drinks are lemonade, fruit drinks, fruit juice, etc. Strong drinks are wine, liqueurs,
brandy, vodka, etc.
10. Jelly is usually made by boiling fruit (cranberries, strawberries, raspberries,
gooseberries, currants, apricots, etc.) and sugar. Something is added to make the mixture stiff.
11. Marmalade is a kind of jam made from orange or lemon cut up and boiled with sugar.
12. Pudding is a very popular English dish. It is a thick mixture of flour, suet, meat, fruit,
etc., cooked by boiling, steaming or baking. There are many kinds of pudding. Some of them are
quite substantial and serve as the main course of lunch or dinner. Others are rather like sweet cake
and eaten for dessert.
EXERCISES
I. Study Text A and a) spell and transcribe English equivalents of the following:
(первый) завтрак, каша, корнфлекс, бекон, тост, мармелад, сок, достаточный, пудинг,
компот; основательная (еда), ростбиф, омлет, сосиски, сухое печенье.
b) give the four forms of the following verbs:
eat, fry, roast, accompany, fill, bring.
c) explain the meaning of the following phrases:
a full meal, plain food, a sociable time, a housekeeping budget, to go under various names,
social standing.
II. Try your hand at teaching:
A. Preparation. Write 15 questions about Text A. See to it that a word or phrase from Ex. I
is used either in each of your questions or in answers to them.
B. Work in Class. Ask your questions in class and correct the students' mistakes (see
"Classroom English", Sections I, II, III, VIII, IX).37
37 One of the students may ask questions, another correct the mistakes after each question and answer
III. Study Texts В and С and
a) explain the meaning of:
delicious (about food), layer-cake, oven, napkin, a big eater, done to a turn, seconds.
b) give the Infinitive oft
overdone, spilt, upset, mashed, stewed.
IV. a) Give a summary of Text В in reported speech.
Example: Text С is a talk between two friends in the dining hall of their Institute. They
seem very hungry, but they haven't got much time left before the end of the break, so one of them
stands in the line, while the other reads the menu. There is a rich choice of dishes in it but as they are
in a hurry they take only salads, fish jelly and chicken soup, which shows that they are obviously
Russians: the English are not overfond of soup, as you know.
b) Learn Text С by heart and recite it la pairs.
V. Study Essential Vocabulary II and the commentary to it and answer the
following questions:
1. What kinds of food do you know? Give as many nouns denoting food as you can. 2. What
meals do you know? 3. What dishes do you know? Give as many names of dishes as you can. 4.
What is understood by a "course"? What attributes may qualify this word? 5. What can be boiled? 6.
Do we fry meat or do we roast it? 7. What is an omelette made from? 8. What are cornflakes
generally eaten with? 9. What is the difference between fried potatoes and chips? 10. What kind of
meal is five o'clock tea in England? Do you know other names for this meal? 11. What kinds of fruit
do you know? 12. Do we roast fish? What is the way to cook it? 13. Do you ever have stewed fruit
for dessert? 14. Do you usually have a starter before dinner or do you do without it? 15. Where do
you have your meals on weekdays and on Sundays?
VI. Fill in prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
1. Take another helping ... salad. 2. I think I'll trouble you ... a second cup of tea. 3. Will you
please pass ... the sugar. 4. She is going to make some fish soup ... dinner. 5. Marmalade is made ...
orange peel. 6. The egg is eaten ... a small spoon. 7. Their meal consisted ... two courses. 8. What can
you recommend ... the first course? 9. The meat is done ... a turn. 10. No sugar ... me, thank you.
11.... midday people have their meals ... home or ... the canteen. 12. Custard is made ... eggs and
milk. 13. The fish is just... my liking. 14. Evening meal goes ... various names ... England. 15. I don't
take milk ... my tea. 16. Help yourself ... some pastry. 17. Broth is made ... boiling chicken. 18. Will
you please hand ... the salt-cellar? 19. What do you usually order ... dessert? 20. The way to refuse ...
a dish is ... saying "No, thank you." 21. You may ask ... a second helping.
VII. Translate these sentences into English:
1. На завтрак подали корнфлекс с молоком. Затем последовал поджаренный бекон. 2.
Невозможно представить себе английский завтрак без тостов. Их намазывают маслом н
джемом. 3. Завтрак часто едят наспех, так как все спешат. 4. Обед обычно состоит из двух
блюд. Мясное блюдо подается с большим количеством овощей. За ним следует компот. 5. Так
называемый «большой чай» — весьма основательная трапеза. 6. Он всегда не прочь, как он
выражается, «плотно закусить». 7. Ничего нет вкуснее земляники со сливками! 8. Бифштекс
вкусный? — По-моему, он недожарен. — А мне кажется, он как раз такой, как надо. 9. Что
желаете на второе? — Какое-нибудь рыбное блюдо, как обычно. 10. Для меня ничего нет
лучше жареной картошки, конечно, если она румяная и поджаристая. 11 . Сколько вам
кусочков сахара? — Благодарю вас, я пью чай без сахара. Ломтик лимона, пожалуйста.
VIII. a) Act out the dialogues below:
A. Inviting someone out
S.: Hallo, Bill, have you got any plans for this evening?
В.: No, really, no.
S.: Well, would you like to have a meal with me?
В.: Oh, well, I'm not sure I can manage that.
S.: There's a nice Chinese restaurant in town — the food's very good there.
В.: Oh, that sounds very nice, thanks.
S.: I'll call for you about 8, then.
В.: 8 o'clock. Fine, thanks.
B. Asking your friends to do you a favour.
J.: I'm just going shopping. Do you want anything?
M.: Are you going past the baker's by any chance, Jan?
J.: Yes.
M.: Well, I wonder if you could get me fifteen Danish pastries.
J.: Fifteen? I can't imagine why you want fifteen.
M.: Well, I want to give everyone in the class one for tea.
J.: OK! I hope I'll get one of them.
M.: Of course, thanks a lot.
(Functions of English. Teacher's Book. Cambridge
Univ. Press, 1981)
b) Make up dialogues of your own using word combinations from the texts.
