2. угощение
treatment n 1. обращение (с кем- n.), е.g. Her treatment of the pupils is always kind and
patient, ( prep, "of" )
2. лечение, е.g. Have you heard of a new treatment for pneumonia? ( prep, "for" )
4. afford υt (быть в состоянии) позволить себе (usu. with can, could, be able to)
smth.;
е.g. I can't afford time for movies.
to afford
to do smth.,
е.g. Can you afford to go away for a holiday?
5. to keep (kept, kept) υt/i 1. держать (в разных смыслах); а) хранить, е.g. She always
keeps old letters.; b) задержать, не отдавать, е.g. You may keep the book, I don't want it yet.; с) (с)
держать (слово и т. п.), е.g. Не always keeps his promise.; d) содержать, е.g. Mr. Watson had a
wife and family to keep.; e) задержать, заставить ждать, е.g. I'm sorry I kept you waiting.
2. праздновать, справлять, е.g. "How We Kept Mother's Day"; She always keeps her
birthday.
to keep smth. + adj., е.g. This work kept the children busy. You must keep your feet warm.
to keep to smth., е.g. Keep to the diet. Let's keep to the middle of the road.
to keep on doing smth., е.g. She kept on writing when I came in (not used of a state, but
only of activities. Cf.: He kept on standing up. But He remained standing.).
to keep smb. from doing smth., е.g. It kept me from Joining you.
to keep (smth.) back, е.g. The young men kept the crowd back. I'm sure he is keeping
something back (= not telling all; concealing something). Mother had guessed that we would be late,
so she had kept back the dinner.
6. to occur υi 1. случаться, происходить, е.g. Such incidents occur every day. It must
never occur again.
2. приходить на ум, е.g. It occurred to me that something might be wrong with her. Didn't it
occur to you to close the window to keep the noise back?
7. to enjoy υi получать удовольствие, наслаждаться, е.g. I enjoyed the trip very much.
I've enjoyed seeing you.
to enjoy oneself, е.g. I enjoyed myself at the concert last night.
enjoyment n удовольствие, наслаждение
8. fun n 1. веселье, забава, развлечение, е.g. Children are fond of fun. What fun we had
when we were together! He is full of fun.
to make fun of высмеивать, подшучивать, е.g. He's fond of making fun of people. Nobody
likes to be made fun of.
to do smth. in (for) fun делать что-л. в шутку, е.g. I said it only in (for) fun.
2. предмет шуток, источник веселья, удовольствия, е.g. The party (your friend) was great
fun.
funny adj смешной, забавный, е.g. I have a funny story to tell you.
NOTES ON STYLE
1. In Leacock's story "How We Kept Mother's Day" you will find numerous words and
phrases of informal functional style (See Note A on p. 52), е.g. all that kind of thing (cf. the Russian
«и все такое»), awfully (in "awfully becoming", cf. the Russian «ужас как идет; потрясающе к
лицу»), a little bit («чуть-чуть»), have a big day («здорово провести время»), get messed up
(«перемазаться, вывозиться в грязи»), the dinner... was great fun («весело было за обедом»), etc.
Note also the interjection well introducing some of the passages (which normally occurs in
oral speech), the omission of the conjunction that and the syntax imitating that of oral
communication by its free and careless structures.
2. The story presents an interesting example of the indirect method of characterization. The
author does not say directly that the members of the family were selfish, callous and hard-hearted
people (that would be the direct method of characterization) but makes them act and lets the reader
draw his own conclusion.
3. "How We Kept Mother's Day" is a humorous story. Humour in fiction may be of two
principal types. It may be humour of situation when the author makes us laugh at certain funny or
absurd facts, е.g. the members of the family buying presents for themselves on Mother's Day, but
buying nothing for their mother. There is also humour of words when the reader does not laugh at
what is happening in the story but at how it is put by the author. E. g. But of course we all felt that it
would never do to let Father stay at home, especially as we knew he would make trouble if he did.
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (I)
Words
afford υ
funny adj
repay υ
effort n
get υ
sacrifice υ, n
enjoy υ
guess υ
treat υ, n
especially adv
hire υ
treatment n
fetch υ
keep υ
trim υ
fun n
occur υ
turn υ
purpose n
unfortunately
adv
Word Combinations
for smb.'s sake
to get over smth.
to stay (at) home from college (classes, school)
to take smb. for a drive
to dress in one's best (worst)
in case
just as well
to stand (be) in smb.'s way
for such an occasion
to make trouble
to turn out
to be no use
in the end
to get on smb.'s nerves
to care for smb. (or smth.)
to turn inside out
to keep back
to turn over
for a little (short, long)
to turn up
while
to turn upside down
to get up and down
for (in) fun
to get to some place
to make fun of smb.
EXERCISES
1. Read Text of Unit Four and the Notes on Style and talk on the following
points (A. Grammar, B. Word usage. С. Style):
A. 1. Which verbs used in the text are modal verbs? Comment on their meanings and
translate the sentences in which they are used.
2. What are the meanings of the verbs to get, to make, to keep, to take in the text? (Translate
the sentences with these verbs.)
3. Mother and Father are capitalized and used without articles in the text. How would you
use the words in reported speech (oral and written)?
B. 1. in the phrases to decorate the house and to trim the hats we have two different
equivalents of «украшать». What can be trimmed or decorated?
2. We say in the morning (evening, afternoon), but in the phrase "on the very morning of the
day" on is used. Why? (Cf: on that evening, on the morning of his arrival.)
C. 1. Point out as many colloquial words and phrases as you can find. Supply their Russian
equivalents if possible. What is the author's purpose in introducing so many units of informal style?
2. Point out the passages which characterize the members of the family and their real attitude
to the mother. What is the method of characterization used by the author?
3. Which sentences or passages bear touches of humour? Try to explain how the humorous
effect is achieved in each case. Which type of humour prevails in the story? (See Notes on Style.)
II. a) Search the text for English equivalents of the phrases listed below and
write them ia your exercise book:
