So you're a proponent of positive thinking?

I guess so. It doesn't all come from reading books, it's my gut feeling. That's the way it's always been. I know things will always work out.

When you have to talk about the results of your activities, in what “dimensions" or “values" do you do it? Do you have a specific system for evaluating the results, the impact of the project?

For example, we have satisfaction questionnaires for clients who have received our wheelchairs and questionnaires for people who have been in rehab. At the end of the course, they write down what they liked, leave their wishes, etc. It's all valuable feedback. Then we read it all out at the council. But live communication with people is always better. So, we started doing campfire gatherings at the end of the rehabilitation course. We roast shish kebabs, eat pilaf, and socialize with the guys in this informal atmosphere. That's much cooler. People relax and tell you: "Look, the main effect for me is not that my knee started bending or that I was able to leave the wheelchair and start walking with a walking frame, but that my kids, who had grown to hate me over the last three years, are now visiting me again. They took a two-month break from me and started visiting me, saying that I had become positive and interesting to talk to again and they wanted to communicate with me.” It's not often that you read this kind of confession in a questionnaire.

What project are you working on right now?

We have an unfinished 5-hectare garden park behind the factory. We would like our patients to be able to go out for a walk and sit under the pine trees, not just attend the rehab.

A separate training area, where we simulate all the obstacles a person can face in the city: 1,000-year-old German cobblestone, regular paving stones, rails, a drain gutter across paving slabs, ordinary ramps, steep ramps, all kinds of steps. We will be training people to overcome obstacles. Greenhouses, too, where we could grow some vegetables.

You have both a business and The Ark public organization. How are their activities related?

We do not really separate the two organizations, because most people from the Ark also work at the Observer. As a rule, Observer employees are involved in all of the Ark's projects. For example, if I have to go and measure curbs, commission a building that has been renovated by the city, or monitor the commissioning of some new housing, I also send my guys out.

Do you feel more like a social entrepreneur or a public figure?

Probably more of a social entrepreneur after all. We also make money at the Ark, you know. That is, we are an organization with two fully wheelchair-accessible buses. We are the guys the Ministry of Social Policy calls up to say: "We're having a Disability Day, can you help us out?” We don't call them, they call us.

What do you think a social entrepreneur is?

It's quite simple. And I understood this even before the concept was introduced in Russia by "Our Future" Foundation. First, that is a person who addresses a social problem. Second, that is a person who must make some minimum profit, so as not to go broke.

The thing that "Our Future" Foundation is working to develop seems very important to me, because they teach the people to make money. You take the money, you have to pay it back. Yes, it is interest-free, but you still have to pay it back. And this is a very good story, because you're really under normal business conditions, perhaps a little more relaxed than for other people, but still, it's not a gift, it's borrowed money.

In your opinion, what could make a significant positive change in the social entrepreneurs' projects in Russia – maybe passing a law, building some infrastructure, establishing a development institution, or significantly increasing investment in such projects?

Honestly, I am against any development institutions. All of Moscow is nothing but development institutions, and we, Russia, cannot feed them.

The Observer Factory is worth $3 million or so. 300 billion dollars of Russia's foreign exchange reserves are frozen because of the sanctions. You could say we donated this money to god knows who. We could have built some 100,000 Observers with those 300 billion dollars. When Maxim Reshetnikov, Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, came to us, Kaliningrad Region was allocated 5 billion rubles for small and medium business. This money is lent to businesses at 1 % per annum for seven years. Roughly speaking, if we took those 300 billion of Russia's foreign currency reserves and gave them to the projects of social entrepreneurs at 1 % per annum, they would start working, producing something in-demand, making money, paying taxes, changing the country for better, and do more positive things.

It wouldn't be so much about monetary effect, but rather about social effect. It is hard to calculate, but it is possible.

Even if, say, half of the factories (50,000) went bankrupt, the borrowed money would still return to the treasury in a few years. And Russia, not just Moscow, would receive 50,000 very real small production companies. But in order to do that, the federal government has to trust its people, and vice versa. I'm the crazy guy who trusts his government. Getting something done at the regional and federal levels.

Do you think tax preferences for social entrepreneurs are necessary?

I guess so. But I'm afraid this will immediately become fertile ground for fraud. Just offer long money at 1 % per annum or completely interest-free, and that's it, no need to do anything else.

Generally, I am in favor of people with disabilities paying for admission to the theater, museums, etc. Maybe not full price, but 50 %. Then the museum will know why it has to invest in an accessible environment: because it earns money, and people with disabilities are also its visitors. Let a person with disability earn money. If they don't want to go to work, they can always stay home and watch TV. They wouldn't need any museums.

How can we make sure Russia gets more companies like yours that effectively deal with social problems and contribute significantly to the lives of their communities, regions, countries and the world? And that the world gets these, too?

It seems to me that, first of all, it is important to share successful cases. There are quite a few of them. There's a guy in Kaliningrad, he runs a YouTube channel called "In Process,” and he films industrial enterprises, talks to businessmen and interesting people who are creating something new. He came to us in the summer, shot a video, and got half a million views, 3,000 reactions and comments in three months, of which 2,995 were positive. We've never seen anything like that before. I understand that this kind of content landed with the audience. That is, positive content is highly demanded, amidst the tsunami of negative information about all the current events, from coronavirus to the special military operation. People write to me: "Let's open a rehabilitation center together,” "Let's open a workshop,” "I'm sick of everything, I made some money and I want to do something real,” "Let's do this and that,” "I can weld ramps,” and so on. That is, the video really made a hit. I think this is one of the important points. And the second thing we've already talked about is long money at low interest rates. I guess that's it.