to other characters, such as various
Knights of the Round Table.
Arthurian literature thrived during the Middle Ages but waned in the centuries that followed until it experienced a major resurgence in the 19th century.
In the 21st century, the legend lives on, not only in literature but also in adaptations for theatre, film, television, comics and other media."
"The historical basis for the King Arthur legend has long been debated by scholars. One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) and Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals), sees Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano-British leader who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons some time in the late 5th to early 6th century.
The Historia Brittonum,
a 9th-century Latin historical compilation attributed in some late manuscripts to a Welsh cleric called
Nennius,
contains the first datable mention of King Arthur,
listing twelve battles that Arthur fought. These culminate in
the Battle of Badon, where he is said to have single-handedly killed 960 men. "
(from Wikipedia)
"The other text that seems to support the case for Arthur's historical existence is the 10th-century Annales Cambriae, which also link
Arthur with
the Battle of Badon.
The Annales date this battle to 516-518, and also mention
the Battle of Camlann, in which
Arthur and Medraut (Mordred)
were both killed,
dated to 537-539.
These details have often been used to bolster confidence in the Historia's account and to confirm that Arthur really did fight at Badon.
Problems have been identified, however, with using this source to support the Historia Brittonum's account.
The latest research shows that the Annales Cambriae was based on a chronicle begun in the late 8th century in Wales.
Additionally, the complex textual history of the Annales Cambriae precludes any certainty that the Arthurian annals were added to it even that early.
They were more likely added at some point
in the 10th century and may never have existed in any earlier set of annals.
The Badon entry probably derived from the Historia Brittonum."
[no evidences of the real existing by historical studies results]
(from Wikipedia)
...
"An alternative theory, which has gained only limited acceptance among professional scholars, derives the name
Arthur
from
Arcturus,
the brightest star in the constellation Boötes,
near Ursa Major or the Great Bear.
Classical Latin
Arcturus
would also have become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh, and
its brightness and position in the sky led people to regard it as
the "guardian of the bear"
(which is the meaning of the name in Ancient Greek) and
the "leader" of the other stars in Booötes (Bootes).
A similar first name is Old Irish
Artur,
which is believed to be derived directly from an early Old Welsh or Cumbric Artur.
The earliest historically attested bearer of the name is a son or grandson of Aedan mac Gabrain (d. 609)"
(from Wikipedia)
Resource:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur
***
"Arthur stone"
"Artognou stone"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artognou_stone
"Arthur stone"
"Artognou stone"
"Artognou stone"
"The Artognou stone, sometimes referred to as
the Arthur stone,
is an archaeological artefact uncovered
in Cornwall in the United Kingdom.
It was discovered in 1998 in securely dated
sixth-century
contexts
among the ruins
at
Tintagel Castle in Cornwall,
a secular, high status settlement of sub-Roman Britain.
It appears to have originally been a practice dedication stone for some building or other public structure, but it was broken in two and re-used as part of a drain when the original structure was destroyed. Upon its discovery the stone achieved some notoriety due to the suggestion that "Artognou" was connected to the legendary King Arthur,
though scholars such as John Koch have criticized the evidence for this connection."
"At the top right-hand corner of the fragment is a deeply cut motif consisting (as visible) of
a letter
A
and another incomplete character on either side of a large diagonal cross;
the whole may represent a common Christian symbol,
a Christogram-the Greek alphabet letters Alpha and Omega flanking a large Greek letter Chi (written like a Roman X),
the initial of
Christos (Christ).
Below this and to the left, but overlapping it slightly, is a smaller, more lightly incised inscription in Latin, reading:
PATERN[--] COLI AVI FICIT ARTOGNOU .
This seems to have been repeated lower down and to the right; only the letters COL[.] and FICIT, on two lines, can be seen on the fragment. This repetition, the overlap with the Christogram and the shallow carving (scratching would be a more accurate description) all suggest that this was not a formal inscription but an example of graffiti.
The inscription has been translated by the Celtic Inscribed Stones Project as
"Artognou descendant of Patern[us] Colus made (this). Colus made (this)."
The name
Artognou
means "Bear Knowing",
from the Brittonic root *arto "bear" plus *gnāwo- "to know",
and is cognate with
the Old Breton name
Arthnou
and Welsh name
Arthneu.
Also found
in the sixth-century fort
at Tintagel
were
numerous remains of expensive pottery, glasswork, and
coins from Visigothic Spain and
the Byzantine Empire
(when excavated in the 1930s
by C. A. Ralegh Radford).
It would have had to be a powerful state to have sustained trade with the Mediterranean."
(from Wikipedia)
"Recent studies, however, question the reliability of the Historia Brittonum."
(from Wikipedia)
