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Philosophy and Cosmology. Volume 14, 2015: 223-234.

112 Future Human Image. Volume 7, 2017

Homo Economicus as the Basis of "Asgardia"

Nation State in Space: Perspective of Educational

Technologies

Roman Oleksenko - Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor Melitopol State Pedagogical University named after Bogdan Khmelnitsky (Melitopol, Ukraine)

E-mail: [email protected]

Lidiia Fedorova - PhD, Associate Professor

Melitopol State Pedagogical University named after Bogdan Khmelnitsky (Melitopol, Ukraine)

E-mail: [email protected]

This paper considers the perspective of using the concept of Homo economicus as a cultural ideal. According to the authors, modern educational technologies must be directed to achieve this cultural ideal. The concept of education is understood by the authors in the classical interpretation, as deliberately molding human character. The authors use the historical method, formalization method and others in this paper. It has been proved that all constructive criticism of old interpretations of the concept of Homo economicus does not deny the possibility of using this term in the foreseeable future. On the contrary, criticism gives new interpretations of Homo economicus, which open up new prospects for using this concept, in particular, as a cultural ideal for educational technologies when creating the "Asgardia" nation state in space.

Key Words: Homo economicus, education, cultural ideal, future human image, Asgardia

Introduction

We will consider one of the possible prospects for the development of modern education in this study. Moreover, the authors understand that the "perspective on the development of modern education" is a whole problem field of the philosophy of education, which was researched in many scientific studies. For example, this problem field was researched by some scientists such as Oleg Bazaluk [Bazaluk, 2015], Galina Beregova [Beregova, 2016], Lidiia Fedorova [Fedorova, 2016], Denys Svyrydenko [Svyrydenko, 2016], Valentina Voronkova [Voronkova, 2016], etc.

The concept of education is understood by the authors in the Attic interpretation. In this issue, the authors are based on the definition of education, which was formulated by Werner Jaeger who is a recognized authority in this field of study. In his book "Paideia: The Ideals

╘ Oleksenko, Roman, 2017

╘ Fedorova, Lidiia, 2017

Future Human Image. Volume 7, 2017 113

Homo Economicus as the Basis of "Asgardia" Nation State in Space: Perspective of Educational Technologies by Roman Oleksenko and Lidiia Fedorova

of Greek Culture" Jaeger writes, "They were the first to recognize that education means deliberately moulding human character in accordance with an ideal" [Jaeger, 1946: xxii].

Thus, when we consider a perspective on the development of modern education as a scientific problem, we must solve at least two problems:

1. To define an ideal, with which the deliberately molding human character will be carried

out.

2. To prove the expediency of achievement of a cultural ideal, which was formed by us for civilization.

Homo economicus in the classical interpretation

In our previous studies, we paid much attention to the problem of the features of human existence in the sociocultural space in the Age of Globalization and the Information Revolution. For example, in the book "The Philosophy of Market Relations" we examined the diversity of interpretations, which are embedded in the concept of Homo economicus, as well as the importance of these interpretations in the Age of Globalization and the Information Revolution [Oleksenko, 2013; Oleksenko, 2013a]. Based on the results of the research of John Stuart Mill, Adam Smith, William Stanley Jevons, Vilfredo Pareto and other economists, we examined the classical interpretation of the Homo economicus concept.

For example, in the 19th century John Stuart Mill wrote about Homo economicus: "It is concerned with him [man] solely as a being who desires to possess wealth, and who is capable of judging of the comparative efficacy of means for obtaining that end.... It makes entire abstraction of every other human passion or motive; except those which may be regarded as perpetually antagonizing principles to the desire of wealth, namely, aversion to labour, and desire of the present enjoyment of costly indulgences" [Mill, 1844: 321].

Historical Antecedents the birth of Homo economicus as we understand the concept nowadays can be found in the work of Carlos Rodriguez-Sickert [Rodriguez-Sickert, 2009].

Criticism of the concept of Homo economicus

From the outset, the term Homo economicus carried a pejorative connotation. Back in the 19th century, John Kells Ingram caricaturized Homo economicus by demoting him from the genus Homo and declared it a "money-making animal" [Ingram, 1888]. Among the critics of the concept of the Homo economicus we can call such economists as Thorstein Veblen, John Maynard Keynes, Herbert A. Simon, etc. and such economic anthropologists as Marshall Sahlins, Karl Polanyi, Marcel Mauss, Maurice Godelie, etc.

For example, let us consider the criticism of Homo economicus by Peter Weise (German economist). Weise not only distinguishes human images in sociology and economic theory, but he is very categorical in his conclusions. Considering the image of man who meets the requirements of social sciences, Weise comes to the conclusion that Homo economicus and Homo sociologicus are special cases of Homo socioeconomicus, which can exist only in the world of equilibrium, but not in the world of disequilibrium. According to Weise, the concepts of Homo economicus and Homo sociologicus exist only as theoretical abstractions and no more [Weise, 1989: 160].