This volume presents the growth of macrostructures in first-order nonequilibrium phase transitions in physical, chemical and biological multicomponent systems. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and modern problems of crystallization synergetics are discussed. An introduction to computer physics of dendrites is also given. Wonderful variety in growth structures appears to be the consequence of different nonequilibrium alloy crystallization conditions and concerns problems of crystallization synergetics. This book has computer simulation results of the origin and development of the observed variety of primary macroscopic growth structures — cells, dendrites and grains should be regarded as one of the fundamental problems of alloy crystallization. Special attention is paid to the physical nature of phenomena of dendrite formation in alloys.Contents:Introduction to Structure Formation PhysicsDendrite–Grain Structures: ExperimentCrystallization SynergeticsIsotropic Model of Dendrite CrystallizationAnisotropic Model of Dendritic CrystallizationReadership: Physicists, computational physicists, applied mathematicians, engineers, tutors, graduates and undergraduates.Key Features:Extensive bibliography of over 300 references, covering the intersection of software engineering and computational intelligence, as well as background material in each fieldUnique usage of chaos theory in software reliability modelingNovel approaches to software quality assurance using data miningReviews of software engineering and computational intelligence make the book self-contained