This book has been inspired by the portfolio of recent scientific outputs from a range of European and national research initiatives in cognitive science. It presents an overview of recent developments in cognition research and unites the various emerging research strands within a single text as a reference point for progress in the subject. It also provides guidance for new researchers on the breadth of the field and the interconnections between the various research strands identified here. Advances in Cognitive Systems brings together a wide range of material from leading workers in the field as well as the outputs from research groups around the world, covering the two principal cognition paradigms of cognitivism and emergence. Furthermore, it suggests some interesting lines of thought about the challenges and opportunities for future work in the field and for promoting the various research agendas highlighted within. This compilation will be of interest not only to those working in the fields of computer science and AI but also to psychologists, neural scientists, researchers in information science, and engineers involved in the development of advanced robotics, mechatronic systems and HCI systems.