This book offers new perspectives and paradigms in science, specifically to point out novel characteristics in natural processes. The issues are discussed by outstanding scientists from among the most advanced fields of science, who bring with them various points of the scientific horizon and widely different new experimental evidence.Contents: Some Limits of Science and Scientists (J D Barrow)Three Limits of Scientific Knowledge (H Pietschmann)On Features and Meaning of Scientific Knowledge (G Diambrini-Palazzi)How Science Approaches the World: Risky Truths Versus Misleading Certitudes (F T Arecchi)On Discovery and Justification (M C Galavotti)Thought Experiments: A Philosophical Analysis (G Boniolo)Causality: Epistemological Questions and Cognitive Answers (R Viale)Scientific Inquiry via Rational Hypothesis Revision (D Osherson)Probabilistic Epistemology (R Jeffrey)The Transferable Belief Model for Uncertainty Representation (P Smets)Chemistry and Complexity (G Del Re)The Difficult Epistemology of Medicine (S Nordio)Evolution and Learning in Economic Organizations (M Warglien)and other papersReadership: Researchers in physics, probability & statistics, physical chemistry, chaos, dynamical systems and epistemology.Key Features:New research in key areas of interest for statistical researchers and practitionersContributions by prominent statisticiansReview articles on the research contributions of P K Bhattacharya, on the area of causal inference and on nonparametric tests for symmetry