This is the first book covering an interdisciplinary field between microwave spectroscopy of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) and chronology science, radiation dosimetry and ESR (EPR) imaging in material sciences. The main object is to determine the elapsed time with ESR from forensic medicine to the age and radiation dose in earth and space science. This book is written primarily for earth scientists as well as for archaeologists and for physicists and chemists interested in new applications of the method. This book can serve as an undergraduate and graduate school textbook on applications of ESR to geological and archaeological dating, radiation dosimetry and microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Introduction to ESR and chronology science and principle of ESR dating and dosimetry are described with applications to actual problems according to materials.Contents:Clocks of Elapsed Time — The Place of ESR DatingIntroduction to ESR — What is ESR?ESR Dating and Dosimetry: Principles and ProceduresAssessment of Radiation DoseCaCO3: Cave DepositsCaCO3: Biocarbonates (Fossils)Evaporites: Sulfates and Other MineralsPhosphates: Bioapatite for AnthropologySiO2: Rocks, Faults and SedimentsSilica and Silicates: Geotherm and VolcanismSolid H2 and CO2: Space and Environmental SciencesChemical ESR Dating: Organic MaterialsESR Dosimetry: Dosimeter, A-Bomb and ChernobylAccident and FoodstuffsESR Microscopy: Scanning Imaging of Spin DensityCVD-Poly Si FilmReadership: Students, researchers in physics, chemistry, geochronology, geology, archaeology, magnetic resonance, radiation dosimetry, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as for engineers in material sciences.Key Features:Contains applications of the singularity theory to other mathematical fieldsNew topics in singularity theory, e.g. the relationship between free divisors and holonomic systems, openings of differentiable map-germs, non-concentration of curvatureIncludes articles by prize-winning researchers like Kimio Miyajima and Osamu Saeki