Pathology of lung cancers is presented, along with targeted therapies current in 2010. Additionally, asbestosis, mesothelioma, and malignant lymphomas are presented with reference to their features, differential diagnoses, and prognosis. Topics include: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; Neuroendocrine tumors; Lung carcinoma staging problems; Targeted therapies in lung cancer; Benign and malignant mesothelial proliferations; Asbestos related lung disease; Primary Lymphoproliferative diseases of the lung; Vasculitis; and Small airway disease.