Maintenance of the information embedded in the genomic DNA sequence is essential for life. DNA polymerases play pivotal roles in the complex processes that maintain genetic integrity. Besides their tasks in vivo, DNA polymerases are the workhorses in numerous biotechnology applications such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), NA cloning, genome sequencing, nucleic acids-based diagnostics and in techniques to analyze ancient and otherwise damaged DNA. Moreover, some diseases are related to DNA polymerase defects, and chemotherapy through inhibition of DNA polymerases is used to fight HIV, Herpes and Hepatitis B and C infections. We have recently witnessed the discovery of an abundance of novel DNA polymerases in viruses, bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes with specialized properties whose physiological functions are only beginning to be understood. This book summarizes the current knowledge of these fascinating enzymes. It is intended for a wide audience from basic scientists, to diagnostic laboratories and to clinicians who seek a better understanding of these fascinating enzymes.Contents:History and Discovery of DNA PolymerasesDNA Polymerases in the Three Kingdoms of Life: Bacteria, Archaea and EukaryotesStructural and Functional Aspects of the Prokaryotic and Archaea DNA Polymerase FamiliesStructural and Functional Aspects of the Eukaryotic DNA Polymerase FamiliesGlobal Functions of DNA PolymerasesViral DNA PolymerasesSynthetic Evolution of DNA Polymerases with Novel PropertiesDNA Polymerases and DiseasesDNA Polymerases and ChemotherapyReadership: Researchers studying DNA, cell biologists, molecular biologists, graduates in molecular biology, medical doctors and other professionals interested in diagnostic and clinical medicine.