Deciphering the script for the Big Bang has now become a joint effort of particle physicists and cosmologists. The origin and first moments of the early Universe were determined by the same fundamental processes which are studied in terrestrial accelerators and whose traces from the early Universe can be seen in astrophysical observations. It is now almost universally accepted that most of the debris left over from the Big Bang is likely to be in the form of particle dark matter. Identifying its nature and measuring its abundance in the Universe have become major goals of theorists and experimentalists alike. This volume reviews the progress made at the frontiers of research in these rapidly expanding fields. A broad range of topics, from inflation to primordial black holes to physics at the Planck era, and to dark matter and neutrinos — both reviews and reports on the most recent advances — is presented by leaders in the field.Contents: Neutrino Puzzles and Their Implications for the Nature of New Physics (R N Mohapatra)Neutrino Oscillation Search in CHORUS and NOMAD (J Herin)Double Beta Decay — Physics Beyond the Standard Model Now, and in Future (GENIUS) (H V Klapdor-Kleingrothaus)Cryogenic Searches for Dark Matter (D A Bauer)Accelerator Constraints on Neutralino Dark Matter (J Ellis)Non-universal Soft SUSY Breaking and Dark Matter (P Nath & R Arnowitt)Status of the Heidelberg Dark Matter Search (HDMS) Experiment (Y Ramachers)WIMPs Detection Using Double Phase TEA Doped Xenon (H Wang)Probing Inflation with Large-Scale Structure (J Frieman)Who is the Inflaton? (E Kolb)Recent Progress in Inflationary Cosmology (A Linde)Preheating After Inflation (L Kofman)What is the Future of Causal Models of Cosmic Structure Formation? (A Albrecht)Magnetic Fields from the Electroweak Phase Transition (O Törnkvist)Finite Temperature Corrections to CP Violating Asymmetries for Baryogenesis (L Covi et al.)Evaporation of Cosmological Black Holes (R Bousso & S W Hawking)Black Holes and Superstrings (R E Kallosh)The Importance of Non-Gaussian Fluctuations in Inflationary Primordial Black Hole Production (J S Bullock & J R Primack)and other papersReadership: Astrophysicists and high energy physicists.Key Features:Presents diverse topics in applied mathematics, including neurophysiology, protein folding, galaxies and planets, and nonlinear wavesDiscusses leading-edge problems with mathematical analyses and graphic illustrations