This volume contains surveys and research articles regarding different aspects of the theory of foliation. The main aspects concern the topology of foliations of low-dimensional manifolds, the geometry of foliated Riemannian manifolds and the dynamical properties of foliations. Among the surveys are lecture notes devoted to the analysis of some operator algebras on foliated manifolds and the theory of confoliations (objects defined recently by W Thurston and Y Eliashberg, situated between foliations and contact structures). Among the research articles one can find a detailed proof of an unpublished theorem (due to Duminy) concerning ends of leaves in exceptional minimal sets.Contents:Survey Articles:Some Results on Secondary Characteristic Classes of Transversely Holomorphic Foliations (T Asuke)LS-Categories for Foliated Manifolds (H Colman)Dynamics and the Godbillon–Vey Class: A History and Survey (S Hurder)Similarity and Conformal Geometry of Foliations (R Langevin)Foliations and Contact Structures on 3-Manifolds (Y Mitsumatsu)Operator Algebras and the Index Theorem on Foliated Manifolds (H Moriyoshi)Research Articles:Distributional Betti Numbers of Transitive Foliations of Codimension One (J Álvarez-López & Y Kordyukov)Tautly Foliated 3-Manifolds with No R-Covered Foliations (M Brittenham)Endests of Exceptional Leaves — A Theorem of G Duminy (J Cantwell & L Conlon)Foliations and Compactly Generated Pseudogroups (A Haefliger)Transverse Lusternik–Schnirelmann Category and Non-Proper Leaves (R Langevin & P Walczak)On Exact Poisson Manifolds of Dimension 3 (T Mizutani)On the Perfectness of Groups of Diffeomorphisms of the Interval Tangent to the Identity at the Endpoints (T Tsuboi)and other papersReadership: Researchers interested in mathematics, especially in fields related to differential geometry and topology, and the theory of dynamical systems.Key Features:This book is an epistemological reflection carried out by two working scientists, a physicist and a mathematician, who focus on biology. They first address a comparative analysis of the founding principles of their own disciplines. On the grounds of a three-fold blend, they then introduce a unique proposal, which does not passively transfer the paradigms of the first two theoretically well-established disciplines, to suggest a novel theoretical framework for the third discipline