Proceedings of the 44th Session of the International Seminars on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies held in Erice, Sicily. This seminar has again gathered, in 2011, over one hundred scientists in an interdisciplinary effort that has been going on for the last 31 years, to examine and analyze planetary problems which have been followed up, all year long, by the World Federation of Scientists' Permanent Monitoring Panels.Contents:Opening SessionEnergy (Focus: Global Nuclear Energy Issues After Fukushima)Water & Pollution (Focus: Water Scarcity and Pollution)Energy & Pollution (Focus: Unconventional Natural Gas: Benefits and Risks)Climate (Focus: Cosmic Rays and Climatic Processes)Water & Pollution (Focus: Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC))Energy (Focus: Energy Efficiency)Special Session: Lectio MagistralisInformation Security (Focus: The Role of Science in Information Technologies and Internet Tools in Developing Countries)Food, Soil & Medicine (Focus: Greenhouse Gases Consequences and Evidence-Based Third Millennium Medicine)WFS General Meeting (PMP Reports — Debate and Conclusions)Water & Pollution WorkshopMitigation of Terrorist Acts WorkshopSeminar ParticipantsReadership: Scientists in all fields, universities and institutes in all fields of science — politicians and decision makers — ministries of science, interior and security, foreign affairs — international organisations.