This volume gathers the contributions from the international conference “Intelligence of Low Dimensional Topology 2006,” which took place in Hiroshima in 2006. The aim of this volume is to promote research in low dimensional topology with the focus on knot theory and related topics. The papers include comprehensive reviews and some latest results.Contents:Cohomology for Self-Distributivity in Coalgebras (J S Carter & M Saito)Prime Knots with Arc Index Up to 10 (G T Jin et al.)p-Adic Framed Braids and p-Adic Markov Traces (J Juyumaya & S Lambropoulou)Quandles with Good Involutions, Their Homologies and Knot Invariants (S Kamada)The L-Move and Virtual Braids (L Kauffman & S Lambropoulou)On the Surface-Link Groups (A Kawauchi)The Volume of a Hyperbolic Simplex and Iterated Integrals (T Kohno)Arithmetic Topology After Hida Theory (M Morishita & Y Terashima)Complex Analytic Realization of Links (W D Neumann & A Pichon)Equivariant Quantum Invariants of the Infinite Cyclic Covers of Knot Complements (T Ohtsuki)What is a Welded Link? (C Rourke)Yamada Polynomial and Khovanov Cohomology (V Vershinin & A Vesnin)and other papersReadership: Researchers interested in knot theory.