This book presents edited and revised versions of most of the papers presented at the First International Conference on Sustainable Alternatives for Poverty Reduction and Ecological Justice in 2012 (SAPREJ-12). The selected papers are classified into six thematic sections: Biodiversity and ecological crisis; Sustainability, religion and ethics; Climate change, eco-justice and health; Poverty, financial crisis and human rights; Green economy and food security; and Global crisis and case studies. SAPREJ-12 is a new initiative in sustainability development, and its methodological concept has opened new opportunities for analysis and criticism of the discipline. This book provides a useful perspective to evaluate the current 'state of the art' and the diversity of the approaches adopted in analysing poverty eradication and sustainable development.