Modernization has been a profound change of human civilizations — a worldwide phenomenon and trend since the 18th century. It includes not only the great change and transformation from traditional to modern politics, economy, society and culture, but also all human development and the rational protection of the natural environment at present. It has changed not only people's lives in many aspects, but also the strategic pattern of world system.At present, modernization is not only a worldwide phenomenon, but also a development goal of many countries. It is a common responsibility of the world scientific community to study the principles, explain the phenomenon and serve to reach goals of modernization.The Russian–Chinese Scientific Conference on Civilization and Modernization (the first of its kind) was held at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) from 29 to 30 May 2012. Leading experts from the Institute of Philosophy RAS, the China Centre for Modernization Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Institute of Sociology RAS and the Institute of Social and Economic Problems of Territories RAS, of Kursk and Tyumen state universities, and other research centers took part in the conference.The conference focused on two issues: civilization and modernization, and global and regional modernization, part one and part two respectively of the proceedings. Twenty one papers in total were presented and they are collected here in this volume.Contents:Civilization and Modernization: As We Understand Them:Human Civilization and World Modernization (Chuanqi He)The Civilizational Approach to Modernization in Contemporary China (Nelly Motroshilova)Cultural Dynamics in the Post-Soviet Countries: Problems of Modernization and Preservation of Civilizational Specificity (Example of Russia) (N E Tikhonova and S V Goryacheva)Modernization and Globalization (N N Fedotova)Modernization in Russia: Ideology and Composition of the Project (Alexander Rubtsov)The Evolution of the Concept of Modernization, Its Specificities in Various Country Groups Throughout the World (Valentina Fedotova)Principles and Methods of Modernization Science (Chuanqi He)Modernization Indices Developed by China Centre for Moderniazation Research, in a Global Family of Development Indicators: Publishers' Point of View (Oleg Zimarin)Science & Technology and Modernization (Jing Jin)Modernization in the Context of the Development of the Science and Technology (Vitaly G Gorokhov)A Bibliometric Analysis of Modernization Studies (1900–2010) (Qing Ye, Nan Ouyang and Shuyao Wu)Russia and China in DBs Web of Knowledge: Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on Modernization (Irina Marshakova-Shaikevich)Global and Regional Modernization:Regional Modernization in the World (Chuanqi He)Stages, Levels and Phases of Modernization in the Russian Regions. Modernization Types and Clusters (N I Lapin)China's Contribution to Measurement of Modernization (Tamara Orlova)Social and Cultural Measurements of Regional Modernization (Liudmila Belyaeva)On Measurement of Modernization Stages (by the Example of the Tyumen region) (A N Tarasova)Resources and Constraints of Modernization in the Regions of North-Western Federal District (Aleksandra Shabunova and Marija Lastochkina)The Summation of Development of the Region in the Context Involvement in Modernization Processes (Evgenija Kogay)Norms and Conditions of Labor in Russian and Chinese Societies: The Case of S Petersburg and Shanghai (Michail Chernysh)World Modernization Outline: 1700–2100 (Chuanqi He)Summing up the Conference and the Program:Memorandum of the Participants of the Russian-Chinese Scientific Conference "Civilization and Modernization"Protocol of Cooperation between the Centre for Study of Social and Cultural Change, Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences and the Centre for Modernization Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesProgramme of the Chinese-Russian Conference "Civilization and Modernization"Readership: Scholars interested in Russia–China modern relationship; and researchers in globalization looking for the Russia–China prespective.