This anthology, consisting of two volumes, is intended to equip background researchers, practitioners and students of international mathematics education with intimate knowledge of mathematics education in Russia.Volume I, entitled Russian Mathematics Education: History and World Significance, consists of several chapters written by distinguished authorities from Russia, the United States and other nations. It examines the history of mathematics education in Russia and its relevance to mathematics education throughout the world. The second volume, entitled Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices will examine specific Russian programs in mathematics, their impact and methodological innovations. Although Russian mathematics education is highly respected for its achievements and was once very influential internationally, it has never been explored in depth. This publication does just that.Contents:Mathematics Education in Russian Before the 1917 Revolution (T Polyakova)Reforms and Counter-Reforms: Schools Between 1917 and the 1950s (A Karp)Toward a History of Mathematics Education Reform in Soviet Schools (1960s–1980s) (A Abramov)Challenges and Issues in Post-Soviet Mathematics Education (M Bashmakov)Mathematicians and Mathematics Education: A Tradition of Involvement (A Sossinsky)Russian Traditions in Mathematics Education and Russian Mathematical Contests (M Saul & D Fomin)The Relevance of Russian Elementary Mathematics Education (J Schmittau)The Preparation of Mathematics Teachers in Russia: Past and Present (N Stefanova)Russian Influence on Mathematics Education in the Socialist Countries:The Traditions and Development of Mathematics Education. Case of Poland (A Pardata)Case of Hungary (K Fried)Case of Cuba (O B Alonso)Influences of Soviet Research in Mathematics Education (J Kilpatrick)Readership: Mathematics education scholars and professors, teachers and investigators concerned with Russian mathematics education and its achievements.