The title of this book reflects the fundamental aim: to explore the relation between exposure to job stressors and mental health. This is done with the primary intention of developing a new clinical approach, one which takes a proactive stance, emphasizing the need for creating work conditions that are more in harmony with the needs of the human being. Pivotal to this endeavor is to provide an integrative and comprehensive methodology, for assessing work stressors and ameliorating them whenever possible. This methodology, the Occupational Stressor Index, the OSI, was developed by the authors, who have successfully applied the OSI over the years in the context of prevention-oriented clinical practice within neurology and psychiatry, as well as within cardiology, oncology and other medical disciplines. The OSI is grounded in cognitive ergonomics and brain research. The authors, as clinicians, have a special interest in and affinity with their colleagues, their fellow physicians. Consequently, the working conditions and mental health of physicians are strongly emphasized throughout the book. Gender considerations are also woven into the entire book.This book will be of value to readers at many levels and interests. It is written in such a way that a non-expert can learn a great deal about the topics. Readers at all levels can reflect on their own work situation and how it could be improved within the framework of enhanced mental health. For health professionals, particularly psychiatrists, occupational medicine specialists, clinical psychologists as well as physicians involved in primary care and rehabilitation, this book will represent a sorely-needed paradigm shift which will help them address a main source of their patients' mental distress. It will be thought-provoking and yet also practical. Part I of the book provides the multi-faceted, scientific justification for this new clinical approach. The authors, as clinicians themselves, speak the clinical language and guide the reader step-by-step as to how this approach can be applied in practice.Contents:Work as a Potential Source of Meaning versus of Stress: Implications for Mental HealthBackground: Evidence, Mechanisms, Current Standard of Care and Methodology:The Work Environment's Impact on Mental Health: Epidemiologic EvidenceWork Stress Mechanisms and Mental Health: A Focused OverviewWork Fitness and Occupational Rehabilitation: The Current Standard of CareThe Occupational Stressor Index (OSI): A Comprehensive Model Derived from Cognitive Ergonomics for Clinical PracticeThe Clinical Case Studies:Introduction to Part II: The Clinical Case StudiesAn Exhausted Psychiatrist Thinking about Suicide: Our First Clinical Case StudyMiddle-School Teacher with Panic Attacks and Migraine Headaches: Second Case StudyComputer Programmer with Epilepsy and Agoraphobia: Third Case StudyOncology Nurse with Breast Cancer and Disturbed Sleep: Fourth Case StudyControl Panel Worker with Paranoid Ideation: Fifth Clinical Case StudyTram Driver with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Sixth Case StudyScientist with Bipolar Disorder: Seventh Clinical Case StudyA Dysphoric Academic Physician Near Formal Retirement Age: Concluding Case StudyA New Clinical Approach to Neuropsychiatry Focusing Upon the Work Environment:The Need for a New Subspecialty: Occupational NeuropsychiatryPerspectives Towards a Humane Work Environment: A Clinical ViewAppendices:Diagnostic Criteria for Selected Mental, Behavioral and Somatic DisordersCompleted Physician-Specific OSI Questionnaire and Score SheetReadership: Psychiatrists, occupational medicine specialists, primary care physicians, neurologists, occupational health psychologists, specialists in stress medicine, oncologists, organizational psychologists, occupational therapists, specialists in community medicine & public health, epidemiologists, other health professionals, scientists of all disciplines; students (medical students, students in the behavioral sciences, nursing students, students in occupational therapy, social work, organizational psychology, industrial hygiene). General public (especially, management, trade unionists, policy makers, employed persons in particular teachers, computer programmers, nurses).