The phenomenon of dynamical symmetry breaking (DSB) in quantum field theory is discussed in a detailed and comprehensive way. The deep connection between this phenomenon in condensed matter physics and particle physics is emphasized. The realizations of DSB in such realistic theories as quantum chromodynamics and electroweak theory are considered. Issues intimately connected with DSB such as critical phenomenona and effective lagrangian approach are also discussed.Contents:The Theory of Free Fields and Nonequivalent Representations of the Canonical Commutation Relations in Field TheoriesSpontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Condensed Matter. Superfluidity and SuperconductivitySpontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Relativistic Quantum Field Theory. General ConsiderationIntroduction to Chiral DynamicsNonlinear Realization of Spontaneous Symmetry BreakingThe Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model. The First AcquaintanceThe Effective Action Method in Quantum Field TheoryEffective Action for Composite Operators and Equations for Green's Functions on the Nonperturbative VacuumDynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking. General ConsiderationCritical Coupling Constant in the Problem of Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Gauge TheoriesSpontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Critical PhenomenaDynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking in QIntroduction to Electroweak Symmetry BreakingNew Techniclor ScenariosThe Top Mode Standard Model and BeyondReadership: Theoretical physicists.Key Features:Demonstrates how the new approach (RMM) differs from current approaches in that both the structure of the model and its parameters are determined via data-driven proceduresDemonstrates that a single comprehensive methodology may provide a good platform for empirical modeling of both systematic variation (relational modeling) and random variation (variation that is captured by a statistical distribution with stable parameters)Provides handy procedures to apply to the new methodology, accompanied by detailed numerical examples for the implementation of these procedures