This modern history of Gibraltar updates and enhances scholarship on the Rock's history by bringing together the author's extensive archival research and developments in the secondary literature surrounding British Gibraltar. Central to its narrative is an examination of the development of a Gibraltarian community amidst British imperial rise and decline and Anglo-Spanish diplomatic vicissitudes. Gibraltar: A Modern History, is the first twenty-first century treatment of the Rock's history and as such it augments and, in many ways, replaces older treatments of Gibraltar's History.