Rather than resist the vast social and cultural changes sweeping Japan in the nineteenth century, the poet Masaoka Shiki (18671902) incorporated new Western influences into his countrys native haiku and tanka verse. By reinvigorating these traditional forms, Shiki freed them from outdated conventions and made them more responsive to newer trends in artistic expression. Altogether, his reforms made the haiku Japans most influential modern cultural export.Based on extensive readings of Shikis own writings and accounts of the poet by his contemporaries and family, Donald Keene charts Shikis distinctive (and often contradictory) experiments with haiku and tanka, a dynamic process that made the survival of these traditional genres possible in a globalizing world. Keene privileges random incidents and encounters in his impressionistic portrait of this tragically young life, moments that elicited significant shifts and discoveries in Shikis work. The push and pull of a profoundly changing society is vividly felt in Keenes narrative, which also includes sharp observations of other recognizable characters, such as the famous novelist and critic Natsume Soseki. As he often does in his celebrated work, Keene reflects on his own personal relationship with Shikis work as well, sharing nuanced, deeply felt observations of its power.