As a young lecturer in philosophy and the eldest son of a prominent Jewish family, Alan Montefiore faced two very different understandings of his identity: the more traditional view that an identity such as his carries with it, as a matter of given fact, certain duties and obligations, and an opposing view, emphasized by his studies in philosophy, in which there can be no rationally compelling move from statements of factwhatever those facts may beto "judgments of value." According to this second view, in the end it is up to individuals to determine their own values and obligations.In this book, Montefiore looks back on his attempts to come to a deeper understanding of this conflict and the misunderstandings it may engender, illustrating through personal experiences the practical implications of a characteristically philosophical issue. He finally settles on the following: while everyone has to accept that facts, including those of their own situation, are whatever they may be, both the 'traditional' assumption that individuals have to recognize certain values and obligations as rooted in those very facts and the contrary view that individuals are ultimately responsible for determining their own values are deeply embedded in differing conceptions of society and its relation to its members. Montefiore then examines the misunderstandings between those who view identity as a conceptual bridge connecting the facts of who and what a person may be to the value commitments incumbent upon them, and those for whom the very idea of such a bridge can be nothing but a confusion. Using key examples from the notoriously vexed case of Jewish identity and from his own encounters with its conflicting meanings and implications, Montefiore depicts the practical significance of these differing worldviews, particularly for those who must negotiate them.