After the collapse of communism, the quest for independence and challenges of democratization created a contest between two powerful forces: Nationalists and Europeanists. This book examines the battles between those rivals by tracking the rise, maintenance, and decline of national movements in two post-communist countries. It provides new insights into nationalism and post-communist transitions and contributes to the debate about whether international actors can influence the course of political change in democratizing states, helping to bring societies "back to Europe."