The Northern Rebellion of 1569 offers the first full-length study of the only armed rebellion in Elizabethan England, in which a motley assortment of rebels fought under the banners of the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland to secure the restoration of Catholicism and an older way of life. Addressing recent scholarship on the Reformation and popular politics, as well a telling a tale of intrinsic interest, it highlights the religious motivations of the rebel rank and file, the rebellion's unexpected afterlife in Scotland, and the deadly consequences suffered in its aftermath. Following the flight of Mary Queen of Scots to England and triggering the Pope's infamous excommunication of Queen Elizabeth, the rebellion was the centrepiece of a crisis that shook the Elizabethan regime.