This book offers a radically new and definitive reappraisal of Allied responses to Nazi human experiments and the origins of informed consent. It tells the story of Nazi and Allied human experiments, and how war crimes investigators were diverted from the mission to uncover weapons of mass destruction to respond instead to the wartime German experiments. From outlining policies on war crimes and trials in relation to Nazi medical atrocities, the books goes on to analyse the Medical Trial, considering the prosecution, defense, judges and observers to present a rounded picture of the court and its context. With the central premiss that the trial was in fact a 'genocide trial', the author explores the far-reaching effects of its aftermath in terms of Cold War politics, compensation and research ethics.