Despite two decades of AIDS control and prevention on the African continent, the spread of HIV continues unabated. Critically examining the evolution of the policy response to AIDS in Africa over the past two decades, this book situates the analysis within the broader context of global neoliberalism. O'Manique argues that AIDS policy in Africa constitutes a form of neoliberal governance, to the extent that there exists very little challenge to the reigning policy framework both in terms of how it has contributed to the present AIDS crisis, and the framework within which the crisis should be addressed: the acceptance of international competitive rules, liberal economies, and a belief that market arrangements and the voluntary sector can provide an adequate social safety net to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS in communities. Today's 'AIDS crisis' is as much a health crisis as a gendered crisis of daily household and generational reproduction - a crisis borne largely by poor rural women.